Term
|
Definition
major cation in ICF
normal range is 1.3 - 2.1 |
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Term
|
Definition
major cation in ICF
regulates cellular h20 content
vital role in electrical impulses - heart, skeletal, nerve
inversely related to Na+
kidneys excrete
normal range 3.5 - 5.0 |
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Term
|
Definition
major cation in body and blood (bones)
catalyst for muscle contractions
normal serum level: 8.5 - 10.5 |
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Term
|
Definition
major cation in ECF
maintains water balance and regulates blood volume
inversely related to K+
kidneys reabsorb
normal range: 135-145 |
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Term
|
Definition
found in both ECF and ICF
major alkaline buffer
essential for acid-base balance
lost through diarrhea, diuretics, kidney insufficiency
normal serum level: 22-25 |
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Term
| Sodium imbalance: hyponatremia |
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Definition
levels are less than 135
Causes: excess vomiting/diarrhea
diuretics, CHF, Excessive IV fluids, water intoxication |
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Term
|
Definition
| N/V, anorexia, lethargy, confusion, dilute urine SG <1.010 |
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Term
| Nursing interventions for hyponatremia |
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Definition
| monitor I/O and Na+ levels,increase oral Na+ intake, check urine SG, monitor for presence of GI and CNS symptoms |
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Term
|
Definition
Na+ > 145
Causes: water loss from fever, resp. infection, watery diarrhea.
Profuse sweating, heat stroke
High sodium diet
water deprivation |
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Term
|
Definition
Intense thirst
Oliguria
loss of skin turgor
sticky OMM
Dry, swollen tongue
increased temp
concentrated urine SG >1.030 |
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Term
| Nursing interventions Hypernatremia |
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Definition
Monitor I/O and Na+ levels
Increase fluid intake
Water between tube feedings
Restrict Na+ in diet |
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Term
| Potassium imbalance: Hypokalemia |
|
Definition
> 3.5
Causes: K+ wasting diuretics (Lasix)
GI fluid loss through V/D, gastric suctioning, excessive sweating, steroids |
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Term
|
Definition
| Anorexia, N/V, cardiac dysrhythmias, muscle weakness, fatigue |
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Term
| Nursing Interventions: Hypokalemia |
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Definition
Monitor K+ levels
Increase K+ in diet
Admin K+ supplements
Monitor cardiac rhythm |
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Term
|
Definition
K+ > 5
Renal failure
Severe burns
K+ sparing diuretics (spironolactone)
High potassium intake
Overuse of K_ containing salt substitues |
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Term
|
Definition
| Life threatening cardiac dysrhythmias (Tall T waves), muscle weakness, hypotension, paresthesia |
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Term
| Hyperkalemia nursing interventions |
|
Definition
monitor K+ levels
Limit K+ foods in diet
Increase fluid intake for excretion
Monitor ECG if severe |
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Term
| Calcium imbalance: Hypocalcemia causes |
|
Definition
Ca+ >8.5
Bone cancer
removal of parathyroid gland
hypoparathyroidism
malabsorption of Ca+
vitamin D or Ca+ deficiency |
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Term
|
Definition
Tetany
Positive Trousseau sign
Positive Chvostek sign
Paresthesia
laryngeal muscle spasms; muscle cramps
seizures
cardiac dysrhythmias |
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Term
| hypocalcemia nursing interventions |
|
Definition
Monitor Ca+ levels
Increase Ca+ in diet
Ca+ supplements
calcium gluconate: solution at bedside for pts with thyroidectomy |
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Term
| Calcium Imbalance: hypercalcemia Causes |
|
Definition
Na+ > 10.5
prolonged immobilization
hyperparathyroidism
bone disease
excess vitamin D or Ca++ supplements |
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Term
|
Definition
muscular weakness
constipation
polyuria, polydipsia
renal calculi
cardiac dysrhythmia |
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Term
| hypercalcemia nursing interventions |
|
Definition
monitor Ca+ levels
monitor I/O
High fluid intake
increase mobilization
avoid Ca+ based antacids |
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormal reaction to the stimulation of the facial nerve. Hyperexcitability of nerves. |
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Term
|
Definition
| spasm of the muscles of the head and forearm |
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Term
| Magnesium imbalance: Hypomagnesemia causes |
|
Definition
Mg+ < 1.3
chronic alcoholism
malabosorption of mg+
malnutrition
diarrhea
diuretics
prolonged gastric suctioning |
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Term
|
Definition
hyperactive reflexes
seizures
tacharrhythmias
insomnia
twitching
tremors |
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Term
| hypomagnesemia Nursing interventions |
|
Definition
Monitor I/O
Increase Mg+ in diet
Avoid alcohol intake
seizure precautions |
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Term
| Magnesium imbalance: Hypermagnesemia causes |
|
Definition
Mg+ > 2.1
Occurrence is rare
Renal failure
Mg+ containing laxatives of antacids |
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Term
|
Definition
flushing and sweating
Hypotension
Mg+ level of 3-5
muscle weakness |
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Term
| hypermagnesemia Nursing Interventions |
|
Definition
Monitor I/O, BP, R
Monitor reflexes
Limit Mg+ in diet
Avoid Mg+ based antacids and laxatives like Milk of Magnesia |
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Term
| pH range compatible with life |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| arterial blood and tissue fluid range |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| respiratory disorder will show a change in what? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| metabolic disorder will show a change in what? |
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Definition
| HC03 - bicarbonate the kidneys |
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Term
| normal range for bicarbonate HC03? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you know if you have respiratory acidosis? |
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Definition
| There will be a decrease in pH, an increase in C02 and H+. |
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Term
| What are the causes of respiratory acidosis? |
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Definition
| Retained C02 (hypoventilation). COPD, opioids, atelectasis, pneumonia. |
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Term
| What are the nursing interventions for resp. acidosis? |
|
Definition
bronchodilators, deep breathing, coughing.
The kidney increases HCO3 and excretion of H+ |
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Term
| How do you know if you have respiratory alkalosis? |
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Definition
| You'll have a high pH, low CO2, low H+. |
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Term
| How do you know if you have respiratory alkalosis? |
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Definition
| You'll have a high pH, low CO2, low H+. |
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Term
| What causes resp. alkalosis? |
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Definition
| exhaled C02 (hyperventilation). Hysteria, anxiety, pain, overdose ASA |
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Term
| What nursing interventions happen with respiratory alkalosis and what compensation does your body make? |
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Definition
Rebreather mask, paper bag, sedation.
Kidneys decreases HCO3 and excretion of H+ |
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Term
| How do you know if you have metabolic acidosis? |
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Definition
| You have low pH, low HC03, and high H+ |
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Term
| What are the causes of metabolic acidosis? |
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Definition
| DKA (diabetic acidosis), severe diarrhea, kidney failure, lactic acid buildup, high fat diet |
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Term
| With metabolic acidosis what are the nursing interventions and what does your body do to compensate? |
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Definition
IV HCO3, dialysis (renal failure).
Hyperventilation to increase CO2 elimination |
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Term
| How do you know if you have metabolic alkalosis? |
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Definition
| You'll have a high pH, high HCO3, and a low H+ |
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Term
| What are the causes of metabolic alkalosis? |
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Definition
| vomiting, GI suctioning, hypokalmeia, ingestion excessive HCO3 |
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Term
| What are nursing interventions that can be done for metabolic alkalosis and what does your body do to compensate? |
|
Definition
Nursing intervention: replace K+, decrease HCO3 ingestion, monitor labs.
What your body does: hypoventilation to decrease CO2 elimination. |
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