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Fluids and Electrolytes
Signs and symptoms
6
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
11/27/2009

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Cards

Term
Hypernatremia
Definition
F-fever, flushed skin
R-restless, irritable
I-Increased fluid/BP
E-Edema
D-Dry mouth,decreased urine

Increased Na++ above 145 mEq
Term
Hyponatremia
Definition
S-Stupor
A-Anorexia
L-Lethargy
T-Twitching

L-Limp
O-osmotic hypotension
S-Seizures
S-Stomach cramps

Na++below 135 Most symptoms CNS
Term
Hyperkalemia
Definition
M-Muscle weakness
U=Urine-Oliguria,anuria
R-Respiratory distress
D-Decreased cardiac contractility
E=ECG Changes
R-Reflexes-flaccid

Increased K+ above 5.0
Term
Hypokalemia
Definition
S-Skeletal muscle weakness
U-U Wave, cardiac dysrhythmia
C-constipation-decreased bowels
T-tendon depresses
I-Irregular weak pulse
O-Orthostatic hypotension
N-Numbness

K+ below 3.5
Term
Hypercalcemia
Definition
Bone pain
Lethargy
Polyuria
Dysrhythmias
Decreased deep tendon reflex

Calcium greater than 5.5
Term
Hypocalcemia
Definition
C-Convulsions
A-Arrythmias
T-Tetany
S-Spasms Carpal

+chvosteks and trusseaus
Numbness
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