Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Hepatic cirrhosis
Acute Pancreatitis
Malnutrition
Hyperphosphatemia
Hypoparathyroidism
Respiratory alkalosis
Chronic renal failure
Low albumin levels
Vitamin D deficiency
Magnesium deficency
Chronic malabsorption syndrome
Massive transfusions
Gastric surgery
Postthyroidectomy
Radical neck dissection |
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Term
|
Definition
Hodgkins
Mestastatic cancer with osteolytic lesions
Renal transplant
Acidosis
Multiple myeloma
Hyperparathyoidism
Malignancy of bone or blood
Increased intestinal absorption
Dehydration
Excessive intake of vitamin D
Immobilization
Potassium sparing (thiazide)Diuretics
Milk- alkali syndrome |
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Term
|
Definition
Neuromuscular irritability
Seizure Activity
Chvostek’s sign
Arrhythmia
Trousseau’s sign
Prolonged QT
Prolonged ST segments
Circumoral numbness
Tetany
Bronchospasm
Laryngospasm
Biliary colic
Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
Paresthesia in fingers and toes
Carpal and pedal spasm
Cramping in the extremities
Stridor |
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Term
|
Definition
Neuromuscular weakness
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Hypotonia (low muscle tone)
Anorexia
Confusion
Vomiting
Nausea
Constipation
Bone pain
Coma
Lethargy
+ inotrophic effect
Renal calculi
Short QT
Short ST segment
Neurosis |
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Term
|
Definition
Administer Calcium
Calcium gluconate 9%
Calcium chloride 27% |
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Term
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Definition
Decrease ionized calcium
Increase excretion (hydration, lasix)
Decrease intestinal absorption (phosphate)
Decrease bone reabsorption
(encourage activity) |
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Term
| Hypocalcemia: nursing diagnoses |
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Definition
Activity intolerance
Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements r/t effects of vitamin D deficiency, renal failure, malabsorption, laxative use
Ineffective breathing pattern r/t larynogospasm |
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Term
| Hpyercalcemia: nursing diagnoses |
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Definition
Decreased cardiac output r/t bradydysrhymia
Disturbed thought processes r/t elevated calcium levels that cause paranoia, decreased level of consciousness
Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements r/t gastrointestinal manifestations of hypercalcemia (nausea, anorexia, ileus)
Impaired physical mobility r/t decreased tone in smooth and striated muscles |
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Term
| Hypocalcemia: nursing interventions |
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Definition
Closely monitor patient for signs of tetany, carpal or pedal spasms, circumoral tingling, and extremity paresthesia
Closely monitor patient’s airway status
Perform an electrocardiogram to check for changes associated with hypocalcemia (long QT and long ST)
Collect blood samples for serial calcium studies to evaluate the severity of hypocalcemia and the effectiveness of therapy
Administer oral or I.V. calcium supplements, calcium should be diluted in D5W and administered as a slow IV bolus or a slow IV infusion
Assess for Chvostek’s sign when evaluating a patient postoperatively
Test patients for Chvostek’s sign prior to neck surgery to obtain a baseline
Assess patient for Trousseau’s sign
Be aware of groups that are at risk for hypocalcemia: thyroid and parathyroid surgeries, pancreatitis, kidney dysfunction
Initiate seizure precautions |
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Term
| Hypercalcemia: nursing interventions |
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Definition
Encourage fluid intake to facilitate calcium excretion by the kidneys
Administer fluids and
diuretics as ordered
Restrict dietary calcium
intake
Ensure adequate fiber
intake to offset the
constipation
Perform an electrocardiogram to check for changes associated with hypercalcemia (short QT and short ST)
Identify and closely monitor patients with conditions that create an increased risk for hypercalcemia: hyperparathyoidism, cancer, prolonged immobility, thiazide diuretics, kidney transplant patient
Increase patient’s mobility |
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