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Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid—Base Balance
Review
43
Science
Undergraduate 4
08/10/2012

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Cards

Term
Intracellular compartments make up how much of fluid compartments?
Definition
65%
Term
Most abundant ion in extracellular fluid
Definition
Sodium
Term
Ion that has the most influence over movement of other solutes and water
Definition
Sodium
Term
Electrolyte that generates action potentials in nerve and muscle tissue
Definition
Sodium
Term
Sodium is under hormonal control of?
Definition
aldosterone, ADH and ANP
Term
Most abundant anion in ECF
Definition
Chloride
Term
Aldosterone
Definition
reabsorbed by tubules along with sodium
Term
Most abundant cation in the ECF
Definition
Potassium
Term
Function of potassium
Definition
Helps maintain RMP, intracellular fluid and pH balance
Term
Potassium is under the control of which hormone?
Definition
Aldosterone
Term
Chloride is under the control of which hormone?
Definition
Aldosterone (reabsorbed by tubules along with sodium)
Term
When do bicarbonate levels in blood increase?
Definition
flowing through systemic capillaries
Term
When do bicarbonate levels in blood decrease?
Definition
after flowing through pulmonary capillaries
Term
When pH is high, what do Intercalated cells do?
Definition
Create bicarbonate
Term
When pH is low, what do Intercalated cells do?
Definition
Excrete bicarbonate when pH levels are low
Term
Most abundant mineral in the body
Definition
Calcium
Term
Calcium is under the hormonal control of?
Definition
PTH, Calcitriol, Calcitonin
Term
Function of calcium
Definition
Important for blood clotting, nerve signals and muscle contraction
Term
Important H+ buffer in body fluids and urine
Definition
phosphate
Term
phosphate is under the hormonal control of?
Definition
PTH and Calcitriol
Term
What is the response of intercalated cells to H+ when pH is high?
Definition
Excrete H+ when pH is high
Term
Intercalated discs method of excreting bicarbonate when pH is low
Definition
 Proton pumps (H+ ATPases)
 Cl-/HCO3- antiporters
Term
When the intercalated cells are excreting H+ they are reabsorbing
Definition
Bicarbonate
Term
If the pH of the tubular flui ddrops any lower than ____ , tubular secretion of H+ ceases for lack of a sufficient gradient
Definition
4.5
Term
what is acidosis?
Definition
When blood pH falls below 7.35
Term
State of cells and CNS during acidosis
Definition
Cells are hyperpolarized, CNS depressed
Term
Can acidosis result in death?
Definition
Yes
Term
Symptoms of acidosis
Definition
Confusion, coma, and disorientation
Term
Alkalosis
Definition
When ECF/Blood pH goes above 7.45
Term
Status of nervous system during alkalosis
Definition
Over-excitation
Term
Symptoms of alkalosis
Definition
Muscle spasms and respiratory paralysis
Term
In compensation, kidneys compensate for pH imbalances of what origin?
Definition
respiratory
Term
In compensation, respiratory system compensate for pH imbalances of what origin?
Definition
Metabolic
Term
duration of respiratory compensation
Definition
can start in minutes and max out in hours
Term
duration of renal compensation
Definition
can begin in minutes but can take days to max out
Term
Respiratory acidosis
Definition
The rate of alveolar ventilation fails to keep up with the body's rate of CO2 production
Term
Respiratory alkalosis
Definition
results from hyperventilation, in which CO2 is eliminated faster than produced
Term
What causes respiratory alkalosis
Definition
pulmonary disease or anxiety
Term
Causes of respiratory acidosis
Definition
Emphysema, pulmonary edema, respiratory center injuries, airway obstruction or injuries to muscles of respiration
Term
Metabolic acidosis
Definition
Increased production of organic acids
Term
Causes of metabollic acidosis
Definition
Failure to excrete H+ in urine / Loss of bicarbonate due to diarrhea or renal dysfunction
Term
Examples of organic acids in acidosis
Definition
lactic acid and ketones
Term
Metabolic Alkalosis
Definition
State of Increased HCO3-, can result from overuse of bicarbonates such as oral antacids or IV bicarbonates or too much vomiting
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