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Fluid Therapy
SAM 2
49
Education
Undergraduate 2
10/16/2013

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Cards

Term
Fluid Therapy is?
Definition
Essential to maintain normal cellular function. Is also estimated upon patient & lab criteria
Term
Water makes up ___% of the body.
Definition
60-70%
Term
What are the three compartments that water makes up?
Definition

1. Intracellular: 67%

2. Intravascular: 8% (vessels)

3. Interstitial: 25% (tissue)

Term
Osmalality
Definition
measure of dissolved particles per unit of water in serum.
Term
Perfusion
Definition
volume in IV space
Term
Hydration
Definition
volume in IS space
Term
Hydrostatic Pressure
Definition
water pressure that pushes
Term
Colloid Oncotic Pressure
Definition
protein pressure that pulls
Term
Third-space shift
Definition
water from IV to IS space (due to inflammation)
Term
3 sources of water
Definition
drinking, in food, and metabolic
Term
Some losses of water?
Definition
Urine, fecal, sweat, vomiting..
Term
5 indications for Fluid Therapy
Definition

deficit replacement

maintenance

normalization of electrolyte balance

diuresis

carrier for drugs

Term
Determining hydration status
Definition

ST

MM

CRT

Eyes

HR

Term
Lab criteria for hydration status
Definition

^PCV/TP

^BUN

^T.P

^Urine S.G

Term
3 Fluid therapy determination calculations.
Definition

1. Replacement (patient criteria)

2. Maintenance (Normal)

2. Contemporary (illness losses)

 

Term
Replacement Formula
Definition
weight (kg) x % dehyd. x 1000ml/kg
Term
Maintenance Formula
Definition
weight (kg) x 55 ml/kg/day
Term
Contemporary Formula
Definition
additional; determined by owner, vet, or tech
Term
Drip Rate formula
Definition
total fluid/time x (_) dr/ml = dr/min
Term
Routes of Fluid administration (5)
Definition

Oral

SQ

IV

IP (pocket pets/exotics)

Intraosseous Infusion

Term

IV catheters

 

Definition

Butterfly: temp

Indwelling: over-the-needle=short term(72hr)

through-the-needle=long term(5-7days)

Term

Catheter complications:

 

Definition

Phlebetis: inflammation of vein

Embolism: clot forced in vein

Occlusion: kink, clot, position

Contamination

Term
Signs of overhydration:
Definition

restless

tachycardia

dyspnea

crackles in lungs

serous nasal discharge

Term
Ca++
Definition
Calcium; neuromuscular & clot formation
Term
Na+
Definition
Sodium; water distribution & osmotic pressure
Term
K+
Definition
Potassium; muscular, cardiac, nerve function
Term
Cl-
Definition
Chloride; water distribution & osmotic pressure
Term
HCO3-
Definition
Bicarbonate; reg of acid/base balance (lost in diarrhea)
Term
Mg
Definition
Magnesium; nerve impulses & muscle function
Term
What is Fluid Tonicity?
Definition
Pressure between two separate fluid compartments.
Term
Isotonic is __ % NaCl and is similar to ____ fluid.
Definition
0.9 % (Normal) and extracellular
(does nothing to RBC)
Term
Hypotonic is __% NaCl and has ___ electrolytes than extracellular fluid.
Definition
0.45 % and less
(Increase vol of RBC)
Term
Hypertonic is __% NaCl and has ___ quantities of NaCl.
Definition
7.5% and large
(will crenate RBC)
Term
What is one of the most commonly used fluids and can't be used in liver diseased patients?
Definition
Lactated Ringers Injection (Isotonic Maintenance Crystalloid)
Term
Which Crystalloid solution has Na, Cl, K, and Mg but not calcium?
Definition
Normosol-R (Replacement fluid)
Term
Which Crystalloid Isotonic Replacement fluid has a pH of 7.4?
Definition
Plasma-Lyte
Term
Saline 0.9% is an Isotonic ___ fluid.
Definition
Maintenance
Term
What Hypotonic fluid can not be given SQ due to abscess?
Definition
Dextrose 5 %
Term
___ is used as a quick and temporary therapy in shock patients.
Definition
Hypertonic Saline
Term
3 types of natural colloids are:
Definition
Whole blood, plasma, & packed RBC's
Term
2 types of synthetic colloids are:
Definition
Oxyglobin (increases concentration of plasma & Hgb)
6% Hetastarch/Hespan: no O2 carrying ability
Term
Labeling the IV bag is important when adding:
Definition
fluid additives
Term
What two organs play a central role in maintaining correct balance?
Definition
Kidneys and Lungs
Term
The normal range of pH is
Definition
7.35-7.45
Term
Acidosis is a ____ in pH
Definition
decrease.
Term
Changes is acid/base balance are either ____ or ____:
Definition
Metabolic (Kidneys) or Respiratory (Lungs)
Term
Treatment for acidosis:
Definition
treat underlying cause
improve respiratory status
bicarbonate solution if severe
Term
Alkalinosis is
Definition
an increase in pH
Term
Treatment for alkalinosis
Definition
slow respiration & supply Cl- as NaCl solution
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