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Fluid Power
Key Terms for Fluid Power
34
Engineering
12th Grade
02/05/2012

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Term
Absolute Pressure
Definition
The total pressure exerted on a system, including atmospheric pressure.
Term
Atmospheric Pressure
Definition
The pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere above the point of measurement.
Term
Boyle’s Law
Definition
The volume of a gas at constant temperature varies inversely with the pressure exerted on it.
Term
Charles’ Law
Definition
States that the volume of a confined gas is proportional to its temperature, provided its pressure remains constant.
Term
Check Valve
Definition
A valve that allows flow in one direction but prevents flow in the opposite direction.
Term
Compressor
Definition
An air pump that compresses air into a receiver tank.
Term
Crank
Definition
A part of an axle or shaft bent out at right angles, for converting reciprocal to circular motion and vice versa.
Term
Cylinder
Definition
A device used to convert fluid power into mechanical power in the form of linear motion.
Term
Directional-Control Valve
Definition
Used to control which path fluid takes in a circuit.
Term
Double-Acting Cylinder
Definition
A cylinder that can act under pressure in both directions (extend and retract) to move a load.
Term
Filter
Definition
A device used to remove contamination from a fluid.
Term
Flow Meter
Definition
A device used to measure flow rate.
Term
Flow Rate
Definition
The volume of fluid that moves through a system in a given period of time.
Term
Flow Velocity
Definition
The distance the fluid travels through a system in a given period of time.
Term
Flow-Control Valve
Definition
Used to start and stop flow in a circuit.
Term
Fluid Power
Definition
The use of a fluid (liquid or gas) to transmit power from one location to another.
Term
Gay-Lussac’s Law
Definition
The absolute pressure of a confined gas is proportional to its temperature, provided its volume stays constant.
Term
Hydraulics
Definition
The use of a liquid flowing under pressure to transmit power from one location to another.
Term
Lubricator
Definition
A device used to spray an oil mist into the stream of a pneumatic system.
Term
Pascal’s Law
Definition
Pressure exerted by a confined fluid acts undiminished equally in all directions.
Term
Piston
Definition
A sliding piece moved by or moving against fluid pressure which usually consists of a short cylindrical body fitting within a cylindrical chamber or vessel along which it moves back and forth.
Term
Pneumatics
Definition
The use of gas flowing under pressure to transmit power from one location to another.
Term
Pressure
Definition
The force per unit area exerted by a fluid against a surface.
Term
Pressure Regulator
Definition
A type of pneumatic pressure control valve that controls the maximum pressure in a branch of a circuit.
Term
Pressure Relief Valve
Definition
A type of pressure control valve that limits the maximum pressure in a hydraulic or pneumatic circuit.
Term
Pump
Definition
A device used to create flow in a hydraulic system.
Term
Receiver Tank
Definition
A device that holds the compressed air in a pneumatic system.
Term
Reservoir
Definition
The tank that holds the fluid in a hydraulic system.
Term
Single-Acting Cylinder
Definition
A cylinder that acts under pressure in one direction only and returns automatically when the pressure is released.
Term
Solenoid
Definition
A switching device that uses the magnetic field generated by an electrical current for actuation.
Term
Transmission Lines
Definition
Used to transport fluid in a circuit.
Term
Valve
Definition
Any device that controls, either automatically or manually, the flow of a fluid.
Term
Viscosity
Definition
A measure of a fluid’s thickness or resistance to flow.
Term
Volume
Definition
The amount or quantity of something.
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