Calcium

normal adult levels

Magnesium

normal adult levels

Potassium 

normal adult levels

3.5-5.1 mEq/L

K levels are evaluated in relation to Ca levels becase of their inverse relationship. 

Phosphorus

normal adult levels

Sodium

normal adult levels

Calcium

roles in the body

Bone formation

Blood coagulation

Excitation of cardiac and skeletal muscle

Maintenance of muscle tone

Neuromuscular conduction

Synthesis & regulation of endocrine and exocrine glands

Magnesium

role in the body

Concentrated in bone, cartilage, & within cells.  

Needed for:

Use of ATP as energy

Action of enzyme systems (carb metab, protein+nucleic acid synth)

Contraction of muscular tissue

Regs neuromuscular activity

Regs clotting mechanism

Potassium

role in the body

Principal electrolyte of ICF & primary buffer within cell

Needed for:

Nerve conduction

Muscle function

Acid-base balance and osmotic pressure

Controls rate + force of heart and t/f cardiac output

(Along with Mg and Ca)

Phosphorus

role in the body

Needed for gen of bony tissue

Functions in:

Metab of gluocose & lipids

Maintenance of acid-base balance

Storage and transfer of energy

Sodium

role in the body

Maintains osmotic pressure

Maintains acid-base balance

Transmits nerve impulses

Distribution of fluid

by body compartments

Intracellular - 70%

Extracellular - 30%

     Interstitial - 22%

     Intravascular - 6%

     Transcellular - 2%

-Accumulation & sequestration of trapped ECF in an actual or potential body space

-Represents a volume loss; unavailable for normal body processes.

-Assessment difficult - loss not reflected in weight change or I&O records

Generalized edema

Result of cardiac, renal, or liver failure