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Fluid&Electrolytes/Urinary Sys
A&P
32
Physiology
Undergraduate 2
04/23/2009

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Cards

Term
What is a solutions osmolality?
Definition
the number of solute particles dissoved in 1 liter of water
Term
How is osmolality usually expresssed?
Definition
in terms of milliosmoles per liter
Term
When referring to osmolality...how does water move?
Definition
from a solution of lesser osmolality to a solution of greater osmolality
Term
Decreased osmolality triggers or inhibits thirst?
Definition
inhibits
Term
Increased osmolality triggers or inhibits thirst?
Definition
triggers
Term
Where is the thirst center located?
Definition
in the hypothalamus
Term
hypotonic solution
Definition
low concentration of solutes, cells absorbs water
Term
hypertonic solution
Definition
high concentration of solutes, cell loses water
Term
hypotonic hydration
Definition
body fluids are excessively diluted and cells become swollen by water entry
Term
ANP
Definition
released by atrial cells causes systemic vasodialation and inhibits renin, aldosterone and ADH release. this causes increase in NA and water excretion and a lowering in BP
Term
major roles of K
Definition
responsible for intracellular fluid volume, by osmosis. membrane potentials, and involved in acid-base balance
Term
K is regulated by..?
Definition
aldosterone levels in kidney
Term
Major roles of Ca+
Definition
muscle contraction, blood clotting and cell membrane permeability
Term
ca regulated by...?
Definition
calcitonin, parathyroid hormone
Term
calcitonin
Definition
released by thyroid gland in response to ca, moves ca
Term
what promotes activation of dietary vitamin d into hormoe calcitriol in kidney?
Definition
PTH
Term
most powerful buffering system?
Definition
urinary
Term
what stimulates pulmonary ventilation?
Definition
an increase in CO2 or hypercapnia
Term
An increased GFR results in
Definition
increased urine output, dehydration and electrolyte depletion
Term
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Definition
intersection of afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole and PCT cells
Term
Juxtaglomerular cells
Definition
enlarged smooth muscle cells of mainly afferent arteriole
Term
Macula densa
Definition
formed by cells from loop of henle/early DCT. monitors and responds to changes in osmolarity
Term
regulation of GFR by myogenic reflex
Definition
increase in BP stretches afferent arteriole in response to being stretched, afferent arteriole constrict restoring GFR
Term
regulation of GFR by macula densa
Definition
M.D monitors tubular fluid and signals JG cells to constrict afferent arteriole to decrease GFR
Term
What hormone is secreted in regulation of GFR?
Definition
paracrine
Term
tubular reabsorbtion takes place mostly in the
Definition
PCT
Term
filtration takes place in the
Definition
renal capsule
Term
tubular secretion takes place in?
Definition
PCT and collecting duct
Term
amount of reabsorption of water and solutes in collecting tubules depends on __ and ___ levels.
Definition
ADH and aldosterone
Term
absence of ADH results
Definition
dilute urine
Term
presence of ADH results
Definition
concentrated urine
Term
if aldosterone goes up, urine concentration goes
Definition
up
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