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Fluid/Electrolytes & Metabolism
Nursing Fundamentals
34
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
04/18/2012

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Term
Hyoptonic
Definition
Having a lesser concentration than the solution with which it is being compared
Term
Hypertoonic
Definition
Having a greater concentration than the solution with which it is being compared
Term
Electrolytes
Definition
Substance capable of breaking into ions and developing an electrical change when dissolbed in a solution
Term
Osmosis
Definition
Passage of a solvent through a semipermeaable membrane from an area of high to low concentration until equilibrium is established
Term
Edema
Definition
Accumulation of fluid in extracellular spaces
Term
Ion
Definition
Atom or molecule carrying an electric charge in solution
Term
Alkalosis
Definition
condition characterized by a proprotionate laack of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid in which the pH is above 7.45
Term
Hypervolemia
Definition
Excess of plasma
Term
Acid
Definition
Substance containing a hydrogen ion that can be liberated
Term
Base
Definition
Substance that can accept or trap a hydrogen ion
Term
Acidosis
Definition
Condition characterized by a proportionate excess of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid in which the pH falls below 7.35
Term
Hypovolemia
Definition
Deficiency of blood plasma
Term
Absorption
Definition
Process by which drugs are transferred from the site of entry into the body to the bloodstream
Term
Anoreoxia
Definition
Lack or loss of appetite for food
Term
Anthropometric
Definition
Measurements of the body and body parts
Term
Metabolism
Definition
Chemical changes in the body by which energy is provided; breakdown of a drug to an inactive
Term
Body Mass Index
Definition
Ratio of height to weight
Term
Calorie
Definition
Mewasure of heat, or energy, kilocalories, commonly referred to as a calorie, defined as the amount of heat required to raise 1 kg of water 1oC
Term
Carbohydrate
Definition
organic compounds (sugars/starches) that are composed of carbon, hydrogent, and oxygen; the most abundant
Term
Cholesterol
Definition
Fat-like substance found only in animal tissues; it is important for cell memebrane structure, a prescursor of steroid homrones, and a consitiuent of bile
Term
Clear liquid diet
Definition
Diet that contains only foods that are clear liquids at room or body temperature - gelatin; fat-free broth, bouillon, ice pops, clear juices; carbonated beverages, and regular and decaffeinated coffee and tea
Term
Digestion
Definition
Gastrointestinal system's breakdown process of food into particles small enough to pass into the cells
Term
Full liquid diet
Definition
Diet that contains miilk, plain frozen desserts, pasteurized eggs, cereal gruesl, and milk and egg substitutes in addition to clear liquids; contains liquid that can be poured
Term
Ketosis
Definition
An abnormal accumulation of ketone bodies that is frequently assoicated with acidosis
Term
Lipid
Definition
Group name for fatty substances, including fats and oils
Term
Mineral
Definition
Inorganic elements found in nature
Term
NPO
Definition
Nothin by mout (Latin: nil per os_)
Term
Nutrient
Definition
Specific biochemical substance used by the body fro growth, development, activity, reproduction, lactation, health maintenance, and recovery from illness or injury
Term
Soft diet
Definition
Regular diet that has been modified to eliminated foods
Term
Obesity
Definition
Weight greater than 200% above ideal body weight
Term
Enteral Nutrition
Definition
Alternate form of feeding that involves passing a tube into a gastrointestinal tract to allow instillation of purified foods
Term
Parenteral
Definition
Outside the intestines or alimentary canal
Term
Protein
Definition
Vital component of every living cell; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Term
Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA)
Definition
Recommnedations for average daily amounts of essential nutrient that healthy population gorups should consume over time.
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