Term
| What foods are suggested when a patient has a restricted sodium diet? |
|
Definition
Fresh Fish
Fresh Poultry
Most vegetables & fruit |
|
|
Term
| What would you monitor if a patient is receiving Lasix? |
|
Definition
↓ weight
↑ urine output
Changes in ECG pattern
Manifestations of electrolyte imbalance
Lab: sodium & potassium levels |
|
|
Term
| Chronic hypophosphatemia can be managed with nutrition therapy. What is needed to increase in the diet, and what should be decreased in the diet? |
|
Definition
↑ phosphorus rich foods
↓ calcium rich foods |
|
|
Term
| How should a nurse assess skin turgor on an elderly patient? |
|
Definition
| By pinching the skin over the sternum or on the forehead. |
|
|
Term
| What are symptoms of dehydration? |
|
Definition
HR ↑ BP ↓ RR ↑ Temp ↑
Peripheral pulses weak & difficult to find, easily blocked with light pressure
Neck & hand veins flat
Skin changes = color, moisture, turgor
Altered LOC = confusion
Urine = amber, dark & strong odor
Specific Gravity > 1.030 |
|
|
Term
| What should the nurse teach patients to reduce the risk of dehydration? |
|
Definition
Drink more fluids whenever engaged in heavy physical activity
live in dry climates or at higher altitudes
Avoid caffeine drinks & alcohol
Drink 2.5 - 5 liters a day |
|
|
Term
| What is hypophosphatemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is at greatest risk for developing dehydration? |
|
Definition
Older adults d/t ↓ total body H2O
Adults with cognitive or motor problems |
|
|
Term
| Hyperthyroidism can result in what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Calcium can have significant cardiac effects. Therefore if a patient has Hypercalcemia, what would be a priority nursing intervention? |
|
Definition
Monitor for cardiac dysrhythmias
↓ cardiac output
Look for changes in the T wave & QT interval
Changes in rate & rhythm |
|
|
Term
| What are common causes of Hypokalemia? |
|
Definition
Age, disease, nutrition history
Drugs: diuretics, corticosteroids, digoxin
Trauma, surgery, N/V |
|
|
Term
| What are common causes of isotonic dehydration? |
|
Definition
Hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea
Profuse salivation, fistulas, ileostomy, burns, diuretic therapy, GI suction, fever
Diabetes insipidus |
|
|
Term
| Hyperaldosteronism results in what? |
|
Definition
↑ H2O & sodium levels
↓Potassium levels
↑blood osmolarity & volume |
|
|
Term
| Inhibiting secretion of aldosterone can result in what? |
|
Definition
↑ H2O & sodium loss
↑ Potassium level |
|
|
Term
| What is the most effective way to monitor fluid balance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abdominal signs & symptoms of hyponatremia? |
|
Definition
↑ motility causing N/V & cramping
B. S. hyperactive
Frequent & watery B. M. |
|
|
Term
| Who is at risk for developing hyponatremia? |
|
Definition
Patients or older adults who have prolonged or overuse of diuretics
Restricted sodium intake
NPO |
|
|
Term
| What foods are high in concentration of potassium? |
|
Definition
| Meat, fish, dairy products, dried fruit, avocado, bananas, cantaloupe, oranges, carrots, tomatoes, spinach, salt substitutes |
|
|
Term
| What are causes of overhydration? |
|
Definition
Excessive fluid replacement
Kidney failure (late phase)
Heart failure, SIADH
Long-term corticosteroid therapy
Water intoxication
Psychiatric disorder with polydipsia |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of Hypokalemia? |
|
Definition
Shallow resp., skeletal muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, dysrhythmia,
Orthostatic hypotension, Altered LOC,
↓ peristalsis, N/V, Hypoactive B.S., constipation |
|
|
Term
| What would the nurse assess for with a pt that has Hypokalemia? |
|
Definition
Resp. status every 2 hrs
Muscle weakness
Ability to do ADL's
Pulse, mental status, B.S. |
|
|
Term
| In a normovolemic pt, neck vein distension is noted when? |
|
Definition
Patient in supine position
Veins flatten when sitting up |
|
|
Term
| If the neck vein distention is abnormal what should the nurse assess next? |
|
Definition
V.S.: BP, Pulse rate, Resp
Turgor, skin changes, neurologic changes, output |
|
|
Term
| What is a safety consideration for patients with hypocalcemia? |
|
Definition
Reduce stimulation in pt environment
Seizure precautions
Injury prevention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ADH is triggered by a rising extracellular fluid osmolarity, as occurs in dehydration!!! |
|
|
