Term
|
Definition
body 60 water 40 icf
20 ecf
15 interstial
5
intravascular |
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Term
what determines normal fluid homeostasis.
function? pressure? |
|
Definition
Vessel wall integrity and endothelial function
Intravascular pressure
Oncotic pressure
Osmolarity within physiologic compartments |
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Term
| Normal fluid balance isthe net result of balance opposing effects of ________ hydrostatic pressure and ________ colloid _______ and _______ pressure |
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Definition
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|
Term
higher hydrostatic pressure at which end
venous or arterial? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| tissue overhydration due to extravasation of water form itnravscular bed into intersitital space. |
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|
Term
| body cavities fluid can collect in? |
|
Definition
| peritoneal, pleural, pericardial |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| – free fluid in peritoneal cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| free fluid in pleural cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| free fluid in pericardial cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
1. increase hydrostat pressure
2. reduced plasma osmotic pressure/oncotic pressure
3. sodium retention
4. lymph obstruction
5. inflammation increased vascular perm |
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|
Term
T/F
clinical manifestation depend not depend on location of ex intersitaitl fluid |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| locations of common edema: (3) |
|
Definition
-lower extremity
-pulmonary
-anasarca |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| generalized edma w/ signicant sub q tissue swelling |
|
|
Term
| pulmonary edema. common symptom |
|
Definition
| shortness of breath b/c compormsied gas exchange. |
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|
Term
| It is usually only one factor that causes an edema to begin T/F |
|
Definition
false, usually combo of facts.
decreased oncotic pressure NAD local increased hydrostatic pressure. |
|
|
Term
| clinical signs of edema depend on both the location as well as the mechanisms causing it. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
increase hydrostatic pressure (2)
-impaire venous return |
|
Definition
CHF: heart cant pump well, slower flow, extend time of exposure where exchange happens. more fluid seeps out.
-constrictive pericrditis
-venous obstruction or compression |
|
|
Term
increase hydrostatic pressure
(arteriolar dilation_ |
|
Definition
| heat, neurohormonal dysregulation |
|
|
Term
| increase hydrostatic pressure |
|
Definition
| heat, neurohormonal dysregulation |
|
|
Term
| causes of reduced osmotic pressure |
|
Definition
1. protein loosing renal disease
2. liver cirrhosis: underproduction of various proteins
3. malnutrition
4. protein loosing gstroenteropathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
excessive salt intake + renal insufficiency
-increase tubular reabsorption of sodium
-renal hypoperfusion
-increase renin-angiotensin-aldoesteorn secretion |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Postsurgical
Inflammatory
Neoplastic
Post-irradiation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Primarily due to increased vascular permeability
Associated with both acute and chronic inflammation |
|
|
Term
| exudate in terms of inflammatory edema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transudate in terms of edema |
|
Definition
| with hydrodynamic derangements: low protein. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| resistance or obstruction to outflow of venous blood |
|
|
Term
| when does congestion occur? |
|
Definition
chronic heart failure (congestive heart failure) or localized obstruction to venous flow such as in venous thrombosis
return to venous system will be decrased |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
back up flow around central vein
Congestion and accompanying sinusoidal dilatation are maximum in and around central veins and decrease progressively toward portal triads
This is due to back pressure opposite to the direction of normal blood flow in the hepatic lobule |
|
|
Term
| lung chronic passive venous congestion |
|
Definition
Any chronic lung injury retards the outflow of pulmonary venous blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart (e.g. chronic mitral valve stenosis)
Pooling of blood in the lung capillaries is associated with micro-hemorrhages producing dark brown discoloration
Septal fibrosis causes the lung to become stiff and feel firm |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
systemic hypoperfusion and widespread ischemic/hypoxic injury due to disproportion in oxygen supply and demand
DISPROportion of demand and availability |
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|
Term
| clinical events commonly leading to shock |
|
Definition
-Severe hemorrhage
Severe burns/fluid loss
Severe trauma
Large MI
Massive PE
Sepsis |
|
|
Term
| types of shock (3 common) 2 (less common) |
|
Definition
cardiogenic
hypovolemic
septic
less common:
neurogenic
anaphylactic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (pump failure, e.g. myocardial infarction, ventricular rupture, cardiac tamponade). Cant pump enough blood to make high enough pressure. |
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Term
|
Definition
| (loss of blood or plasma volume, e.g. vomiting, diarrhea, burns, severe trauma)LOSS OF VOLUME nomrla tone. |
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Term
|
Definition
| loss of normal pressure regulation – circulatory bed becomes “too large” for the volume). Lossof natural tone but normal volume. |
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Term
|
Definition
| spinal cord injury with loss of vascular tone) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (IgE mediated hypersensitivity with systemic vasodilation and increased vascular permeability) |
|
|
Term
| pathogenesis of septic shock |
|
Definition
| Spread of initially localized infection (abscess, peritonitis, pneumonia) into the bloodstream |
|
|
Term
| in most instances septic shock is caused by...? |
|
Definition
| endotoxin produced by gramnegative bacilli. --> causes vessel dialtion and loss of pressure. |
|
|
Term
| shock leads to. (the 2 H's) |
|
Definition
| hypoperfusion and hypoxia.ischemia eventually. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| non sterile needles can lead to |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| _____ or _____- form due to an underlying damage to the valvular endocardium (endocarditis) |
|
Definition
vegatations or thrombi.
can be caused typically by bacteria, that gain access to venous circulation. |
|
|
Term
| acute tubular necrosis due to shock. |
|
Definition
| Decrease Bp, abnormal flow thru kideny and ischmeiic kideny. Acute tubular necrosis decrease urine output. |
|
|
Term
| brain, cortical laminar necrosis |
|
Definition
More severe, prolonged, and irreversible shock can lead to laminar cortical necrosis
neurons need lots of blood |
|
|
Term
| disseminated intravascular |
|
Definition
| thrombohemorrhagic disorder |
|
|
Term
| DIC can be triggered by variety of disease and usually leads to extravascular activation of coagulation system T/F |
|
Definition
| F, intravascular activation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| microcirculation is primary site of coagulation leading to multisystem organ dysfunction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bleeding b/c of deficiency.
the intravascular activation makes platelets become sticcky, form microthrombosis. this leads to deficit later on in caogulation factors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lack of perfusion to tissue |
|
|
Term
| hypoxia: lack of oxygen to tissue |
|
Definition
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