Term
| Functions of fluids in the body |
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Definition
| Body temp, shape of cell, transport of nutrients, gases, wastes |
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Term
| Who is most at risk for dehydration |
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Definition
- 80% of body wt of newborn is water
- 60% of lean adult
- 45% of adult 60+
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Term
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Definition
- intracellular
- extracellular
- intravascular
- interstitial - between cells
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Term
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Definition
| fluid moves from area of low solute to area of high solute |
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Term
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Definition
| solute moves from area of high solute to area of low solute |
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Term
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Definition
| solute moves against gradient from area of low solute to high solute(sodiumNA - potassiumK pump) |
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Term
| Normal serum osmolarity is |
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Definition
- 280-300
- homeostasis
- Na is chief determinant
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Term
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Definition
| one that has a higher concentration of solutes than another solution |
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Term
| if the solution within a cell contains hardly any sodium but the solution outside of the cell contains a great deal of sodium, the solution outside of the cell is |
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Definition
| hypertonic compared to the solution within the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| one that causes no change in cell volume |
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Term
| Normal saline solution (NSS) is an example of an |
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Definition
| isotonic solution because the concentration of sodium in NSS is nearly equal to that of blood. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| one that has a lower concentration of solutes than another solution. |
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Term
| Fluid from the _______________ would flow into the second solution in an attempt to equalize the concentration of both solutions |
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Definition
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Term
| Diffusion refers to the movement of solutes |
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Definition
| from an area of higher concentration, through a semipermeable membrane, to one of lower concentration, until solutes are equally distributed within both areas. |
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Term
| Both diffusion and osmosis |
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Definition
| are passive transport processes. In other words, no energy is needed to make these processes occur. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| During osmosis, fluids move |
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Definition
| passively across a semipermeable membrane from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentrations. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when adequate amounts of fluid have moved to equalize the concentration of solutes on both sides of the semipermeable membrane. |
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Term
| Solutes such as potassium, sodium, calcium ions, hydrogen ions, amino acids, and some sugars require "___________" to move from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration |
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Definition
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Term
| Fluids and solutes are forced through the walls of the capillaries via |
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Definition
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Term
| Movement occurs via ________________, during which blood pushes against the walls of the capillary |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| A process called __________________ prevents excessive amounts of fluid from leaving the capillaries. |
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Definition
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Term
| When fluid leaves the capillaries, the protein ________ remains behind in the diminishing fluid volume. |
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Definition
| albumin, Albumin is a large molecule that normally cannot pass through the capillary membrane |
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Term
| As the concentration of ____________ increases, it acts as a magnet and pulls fluid back (reabsorption) into the capillaries. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____________ is critical to the maintenance of intravascular fluid balance. ___________ is a complex substance produced by the liver. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ also helps to metabolize and detoxify specific substances such as bilirubin, metals, ions, hormones, drugs, and free fatty acids. It also functions as a free-radical scavenger. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| levels are relatively uncommon, but can be triggered by dehydration. |
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Term
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Definition
| can be caused by a number of factors including decreased synthesis, increased catabolism, and, the most common cause, inflammation. |
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Term
| Low albumin levels can be treated |
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Definition
| by using either a colloid or crystalloid infusion as a replacement fluid. |
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Term
| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is |
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Definition
| also called vasopressin, is a water retainer that alters the collecting tubules' water permeability. ADH is produced by the hypothalamus but is stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland. ADH acts to restore blood volume by reducing diuresis (increased formation and excretion of urine) and increasing water retention. |
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Term
| What happens when serum osmolality increases |
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Definition
- When serum osmolality increases(also low blood volume)it notifies the pituitary gland to secrete ADH into the blood stream.
- ADH makes the kidneys retain water
- Water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum osmolality and urine is more concentrated.
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Term
| What happens when serum osmolality decreases |
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Definition
•The hypothalamus senses increased blood volume and decreased serum osmolality and notifies the pituitary gland to inhibit the release of ADH.
•Less water is reabsorbed in the kidneys
•Blood volume is decreased and serum osmolality increases and urine is less concentrated. |
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Term
| The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system helps the body |
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Definition
| maintain a balance of sodium and water, a healthy blood volume, and a healthy blood pressure. |
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