Term
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Definition
3:1
Boys:Girls
Ratio is developmental. At early age, boys and girls are equal but girls end up showing natural recovery |
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Term
| Factors Contributing to Stuttering |
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Definition
Age
Motor Co-ordintation
Heredity
Sex |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Twin study findings for studying |
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Definition
| stuttering occurs most often in identical twins than fraternal twins. there is a higher concordance of stuttering in identical twins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Studies have shown that having biological parent with a history of stuttering is more important than being reared by a parent with a positive history. |
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Term
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Definition
| there is no link between geography and stuttering |
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Term
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Definition
| no link between culture and stuttering |
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Term
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Definition
| no link between race and stuttering |
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Term
| socio-economic status and stuttering |
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Definition
| stuttering is found in all classes |
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Term
| Education level and stuttering |
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Definition
| stuttering tends to be higher in University-educated (2-3% pervalence) |
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Term
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Definition
Two types: simultaneous ( no accent) and consecuitve (accent)
Stuttering is less severe in L2 due to taking more time for language planning
Or
Stuttering is less severe in L1 due to higher language proficiency
no difference between monolinguals and bilinguals for stuttering risk.
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Term
Aetiology of stuttering
Wendell Johnson |
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Definition
Caused by the parents misinterpretations of their child's speech.
Parents confused the childs normal disfluency for stuttering
"stuttering begins not in the childs mouth but in the parents ear" |
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Term
Aetiology of stuttering
Lee Edward Travis |
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Definition
Had the view that PWS have speech centers in both hemispheres instead of just the left.
stuttering resulted from a lack of brain dominance.
The two sides of the brain were competing for control of the speech muscles. This completion led to a breakdown in the forward flow of speech and resulted in a stutter. |
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Term
Aetiology of stuttering
late 1700-early 1800's |
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Definition
| During the ate 1700-early1800's the root cause of stuttering was thought to be related to faulty functioning of the tongue and/or larynx. There was belief that stuttering was due to a spasm of the tongue |
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Term
Treatment of stuttering
Francis Bacon |
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Definition
| Francis noted that the tongue seemed to be stiff and frozen in the act of stuttering. He recommended that it be thawed by hot wine. |
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Term
Treatment of stuttering
Marc Colombat |
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Definition
| French Physician, who popularised the time-beat method originally conceived in which PWS was asked to speak in singing or chanting tone. He invented the muthonome a tool for 'diction to keep pace' |
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Term
Treatment of stuttering
Johann Friedrich Dieffinbach |
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Definition
| Recommended cutting the tongue with scissors and removing a triangular wedge from the back of the tongue. He noted that in stuttering the tongue 'clave tot he root of the mouth'. |
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Term
Treatment of stuttering
James Yearsley |
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Definition
| Advocated removal of the tonsils as a form of treatment for stuttering. |
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Term
Treatment of stuttering
Bryng Bryngelson |
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Definition
Interested in left handedness,
put clients in public settings to help lower anxiety levels associated with speaking situations. |
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Term
Treatment of stuttering
Aversion therapy |
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Definition
Gerald Siegel
Electic shocks were used as the aversive stimulus that were paired moments of stuttering. wrist-straps were applied and a sample shock was delivered during moments of stuttering. |
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Term
Treatment of stuttering
Edinburgh Masker |
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Definition
Developed by Ann Dewar
The Stammer Jammer
Microphone placed on thyroid notch, senses vibration in throat
Masking noise was played when the client started to phonate. Stuttering was reduced.
However, would not pick up inaudible block. |
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Term
Treatment of stuttering
Lena Rustin |
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Definition
| Stressed the importance of understanding the period of adolescence, physical transformations, interllectual growth, peer pressure, the desire for independence, .... |
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Term
Treatment of stuttering
GILCU |
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Definition
based on conditioning
Gradual Increase in Length and Complexity of Utterance
54-step establishment programme starting with reading one word fluently and ending with conversing for 5 minutes with no stuttering. |
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