Term
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Definition
| a measure of the maximum electrical potential in kilovolts across an x-ray tube. Most diagnostic x-ray machines have a kVp of 40 to 150. However, x-ray equipment is usually operated at the minimum potential necessary for an examination |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Radiosensitivity
Dose-response relationships |
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Definition
| The relationship between the amount of exposure [dose] to a substance and the resulting changes in body function or health (response |
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Term
Radiosensitivity
Relative tissue radio sensitivities (eg: LET, RBE) |
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Definition
Radiosensitivity. Mammalian cells have different radiosensitivities.(effect of radiation)
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Term
Radiosensitivity
Cell survival and recovery (LD50) |
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Definition
Repair. Mammalian cells can repair radiation damage. This is a complex process that involves repair of sublethal damage by a variety of repair enzymes and pathways.
—Repopulation. Cells repopulate while receiving fractionated doses of radiation
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Term
Somatic Effects
Short term versus long-term effects |
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Definition
Somatic effects are harm that exposed individuals suffer during their lifetime, such as radiation induced cancers (carcinogenesis), sterility, opacification of the eye lens and life shortening.
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Term
Somatic Effects
Acute versus Chronic Effects |
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Definition
An organ or tissue expresses response to radiation damage either as an
acute effect or as a late (chronic) effect.
Acute effects manifest themselves soon after exposure to radiation and are characterized by inflammation, oedema, denudation of epithelia and haemopoietic tissue, and haemorrhage. Late effects are delayed and are, for example, fibrosis, atrophy, ulceration, stenosis or obstruction of the intestine. Late effects may be generic and caused by absorption of radiation directly in
the target tissue, or consequential to acute damage in overlying tissues such as mucosa or the epidermis.
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Term
Somatic Effects
Carcinogenesis |
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Definition
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Term
Somatic Effects
Eye/Thyroid |
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Definition
opacification of the eye lens
Ionizing radiation has been proven to cause leukaemia and has been implicated in the development of many other cancers in tissues such as bone, lung, skin, thyroid and breast>
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Term
Somatic Effects
Sterility |
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Definition
Somatic effects are harm that exposed individuals suffer during their lifetime, such as radiation induced cancers (carcinogenesis), sterility, opacification of the eye lens and life shortening.
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Term
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Definition
Dose > 100 Gy: central nervous system syndrome
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Term
System Responses
hemopoietic |
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Definition
| affecting the formation of blood or blood cells in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Acute effects in the skin usually manifest initially as a slight erythema. Epilation can also occur early in the course of treatment. As further radiation is given, reddening as well as inflammation of the skin tends to increase. Desquamation, which can be dry in nature and show little more than surface flaking of the stratum corneum, can also appear |
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Term
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Definition
10 Gy < dose < 100 Gy: gastrointestinal syndrome
Radiation therapy directed at the abdomen may damage the digestive tract, the type and extent of injury depending on the dose of the radiation and the radiation sensitivity of the gut.
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