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Floriculture CDE
test bank
648
Agriculture
11th Grade
08/15/2012
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Term
The _____ (or art) are rules and guidelines to help a floral designer create a beautiful composition.
 Definition
Principles of Design
Term
The ideal stage to cut the majority of flowers is just:
 Definition
before the flower is fully open
Term
_____ is best achieved when the design is arranged from back of the container toward the front. This gives the arrangement a feeling of _____ and _____.
 Definition
balance, visual depth, support
Term
A typical _____ arrangement might contain a fully open flower.
 Definition
Oriental
Term
A cluster of flowers on a stem is a(n):
 Definition
inflorence
Term
Hanging method, covering method, treating with glycerin, pressing, making potpourri and commercial freeze drying are all methods to _____ or _____ plant materials.
 Definition
dry, preserve
Term
The conductive tissue in the stem that transports water and minerals from roots to the leaves is called the:
 Definition
xylem
Term
When the pollen of a plant pollinates a flower on the same plant, it is called:
 Definition
self-pollination
Term
The male part of the flower is the pistil.
 Definition
0
Term
A rose that is beginning to wilt can be revived in a three step process if detected early enough.
 Definition
1
Term
Adventitious roots begin from the stem or a leaf.
 Definition
1
Term
Floral designs as we arrange them today are a blend of two styles:
 Definition
Oriental and European
Term
The first written design principles (rules) were established by the:
 Definition
French
Term
The basic European floral designs have become known as _____ arrangements.
 Definition
mass
Term
The historic placements of three flowers in an oriental design signifies _____, _____, and _____.
 Definition
heaven, man , earth
Term
In all design work, the floral designer is striving for emphasis, balance, _____, _____, _____, and unity.
 Definition
proportion, harmony, rhythm
Term
_____ is achieved in an arrangement by creating an accent or focal point.
 Definition
emphasis
Term
An arrangement may be composed of _____ or _____ balance.
 Definition
symmetrical, asymmetrical
Term
The right conditions for seed germination are light or darkness _____, _____, and _____.
 Definition
water, oxygen, favorable temperatures
Term
_____ in an arrangement is accomplished by the scaling of flowers toward the focal point and is achieved by the use of flowers of varying size.
 Definition
proportion
Term
Plants are complex organisms made of _____ consisting of _____ and _____.
 Definition
organs, tissue, cells
Term
As roots grow, their tips are protected from coarse soil. This is accomplished by a mass of cells called the _____.
 Definition
root cap
Term
Wet conditions are also ideal for plants to become infected with soil-borne diseases such as:
 Definition
Rhizoctonia, Pythium
Term
Xylem is only located in the roots and leaves.
 Definition
0
Term
The flower typically consists of four different parts: Sepals, petals, _____, and _____.
 Definition
stamens, pistil
Term
The plant has four main structures: _____, _____, leaves, and flowers.
 Definition
roots, stem
Term
The perianth is essential to the reproductive functions of the flower.
 Definition
0
Term
The pistil has three main parts. They are:
 Definition
stigma, style, ovary
Term
_____ and _____ fuel plant growth.
 Definition
Glucose, fructose
Term
The chemical process known as cellular respiration is the same as photosynthesis.
 Definition
0
Term
_____ enters through the stomata and is available to the _____ in the cells.
 Definition
carbon dioxide, chlorophyll
Term
The primary pigment involved in the manufacture of food is:
 Definition
chlorophyll
Term
The flower stem is known as the:
 Definition
pedicel
Term
The collection of petals on a flower is referred to as the:
 Definition
corolla
Term
Together, the sepals and the petals are called the:
 Definition
perianth
Term
A symmetrical design will appear to be the same on each side of a _____ center line.
 Definition
vertical
Term
Other floral design patterns that may be constructed by a florist are the _____, inverted T, _____, and free form.
 Definition
right triangle, vertical
Term
The harnessing of light energy is made possible by pigments found in:
 Definition
chloroplast
Term
Flowers are _____ percent water.
 Definition
90
Term
The offspring of two plants of the same or related species that differ genetically is said to be a:
 Definition
hybrid
Term
The pH refers to the relative concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and ranges from 1 to 14; ___ being acidic, ___ being neutral, ___ being alkaline.
 Definition
1-6, 7, 8-14
Term
_____ is the ability of seeds to germinate under different conditions and still produce healthy seedlings.
 Definition
vigor
Term
The two best times to harvest are late afternoon and morning.
 Definition
1
Term
Daisies should be cut:
 Definition
fully open
Term
The quality of seed used is very important to greenhouse growers. Seed quality refers to both ____ and ____.
 Definition
viability, vigor
Term
Spring bulb flowers such as _____, _____, or _____, may be harvested in the bud stage.
 Definition
tulips, daffodils, iris
Term
Which of the following is not considered one of the general categories of nursery grown plants?
 Definition
Ornamental ferns
Term
Which of the following is not considered a good characteristic of a good propagation medium?
 Definition
Allows easy movement within container
Term
Which of the following is not one of the top 10 nursery growing states?
 Definition
Louisiana
Term
If the pH of the growing medium is too low, the quickest remedy is the injection of acids into the irrigation system.
 Definition
0
Term
The minimum optimum temperature for poinsettia growth is:
 Definition
60 degrees F
Term
Which of the following is the primary reason for keeping flower buckets clean?
 Definition
Prevent bacterial growth
Term
Which of the following statements is true?
 Definition
Neither answer is correct
Term
If a florist were limited to two tools, the least useful ones to have would be:
 Definition
Pruning shears and wire cutters
Term
Flower preservatives should be used when conditioning flowers for which of the following reason:
 Definition
Prevent bacterial growth
Term
The pH range most suitable for Camellias is:
 Definition
5.0 to 5.5
Term
Wire sizes most often used by florists vary from ___ to ___.
 Definition
18-30
Term
A circular arrangement is a type of freestanding arrangement that can be seen from all sides.
 Definition
1
Term
A good alternative for perlite, this material provides aeration in the root media.
 Definition
Sand
Term
What is the major insect problem related to Boston Fern?
 Definition
Spider Mites
Term
What ingredient related to city water causes leaf tip browning in spider plant leaves?
 Definition
Fluoride
Term
Adding soil amendments to growing medium can improve which of the following?
 Definition
Both of these
Term
Which of the following four is not considered a plant disease problem?
 Definition
calyx wilt
Term
The major flower colors of an African violet include:
 Definition
Red, purple, blue, pink, and white
Term
The growth regulator often used to control marketable plant heights of potted tulips, dahlias, and lilies is:
 Definition
A-Rest
Term
What temperature range will cause chilling injury to plants:
 Definition
35-45 degrees F
Term
Interiorscape plants do not need large quantities of fertilizer and should only be fertilized in the spring and summer.
 Definition
1
Term
The ideal temperature range for interiorscape plants is:
 Definition
70 to 80 F in day and 60-65 F at night
Term
Which of the following is not a direct result of light intensity and duration in greenhouse crops?
 Definition
Radiation
Term
Which of the following are considered freestanding greenhouses?
 Definition
All of these
Term
Successful advertising to a target audience is based on the three profit "P's." Which one of the following is not part of the three profit P's?
 Definition
Pleasant
Term
When studying the floral decorations of the earliest cultures, one learns that the Egyptians valued _____ and _____.
 Definition
simplicity and repetition.
Term
A line mass design has a linear aspect and massed central area. It is a combination of the _____ line style and the _____ mass style.
 Definition
Japanese and European
Term
Who added dried flowers or grains to fresh floral designs?
 Definition
American
Term
Nosegays, developed by the French and the forerunner of today's wedding bouquets, were developed to provide a fragrant, handheld decoration during social events.
 Definition
0
Term
What style has three major placements of flowers or branches?
 Definition
Japanese
Term
Three of the following four factors are important when considering water quality for fresh flowers. Which one is not?
 Definition
temperature
Term
As part of conditioning process, flowers should remain at room temperature for two to three hours for what purpose?
 Definition
Absorb preservatives
Term
There are three main ingredients in floral preservatives. Which of the following is not one of these ingredients?
 Definition
Algaecide
Term
Drypacked flowers are flowers that are cooled very quickly at the grower and kept cool throughout the shipping process.
 Definition
1
Term
When growing orchids, a hygrometer is used to measure:
 Definition
Humidity
Term
An arrangement's maximum height depends on the type of plant material, theme, container, and artistic expression of the client.
 Definition
0
Term
Factors which enable a floral designer to develop a dominant impact for an event include:
 Definition
Both of these
Term
When creating an arrangement, there is value in using both glossy and varied textures. What is the role of the varied texture?
 Definition
To hold attention
Term
The design element _____ allows each flower to be seen in the design and creates a vital, interesting aspect within the design.
 Definition
space
Term
Which of the following is not one of the three broad categories of form?
 Definition
symmetric
Term
Which of the following is a common term used to describe hiding the elements that hold the design together, such as taping?
 Definition
cover your mechanics
Term
The flowers and leaves of a rose are mottled and streaked with silver, and dusty black droppings have collected. This damage is indicative of:
 Definition
Thrips
Term
Another term for a chenille stem is a pipe cleaner.
 Definition
1
Term
An arrangement of flowers in which the flowers have all fallen to the outer ring is commonly referred to as:
 Definition
a doughnut arrangement
Term
A naturalistic design if an arrangement that looks like a:
 Definition
miniature landscape
Term
All of the following are related to servicing a wedding except one. Which does not belong in this group?
 Definition
coordinating the throwing of the bouquet
Term
How is the size of a casket spray determined?
 Definition
Type of casket
Term
A weakness associated with the ratio mark-up method of pricing includes all of the following elements except one Which should not be included?
 Definition
changes in wholesale prices
Term
What is Horticulture?
 Definition
Horticulture is the culture of plants for food, comfort, and beauty.
Term
Foliage plants are plants grown and sold for their beautiful colored leaves and stems.
 Definition
1
Term
What are Pesticides?
 Definition
chemical materials used to kill pests
Term
Pesticides are used to help control:
 Definition
weeds, insects, diseases, and other organisms that can damage crops
Term
What areas are in landscape horticulture?
 Definition
all areas that deal with the production and use of plants to make our outdoor environment more appealing
Term
According to The Retail Florists Business, included in the list of traditional rules to achieve food design are all but one of the following. Which one is not included?
 Definition
even numbers should be used in arrangements when fewer than 10 flowers of one kind are used
Term
Placing wet sphagnum moss in a frame for funeral and Christmas wreaths is called:
 Definition
mossing
Term
A very popular and relatively simple corsage style is one that features two flowers.
 Definition
1
Term
Mass market is the sale of floral products:
 Definition
all of these
Term
The major components in the photosynthesis process are carbon dioxide, water, light, and chlorophyll.
 Definition
1
Term
Perennials are those plants that life for:
 Definition
more than two seasons
Term
What is the purpose of plant propagation?
 Definition
to produce new and better breeds of plants at a fast rate
Term
What is a weed?
 Definition
plant that is growing out of place or an unwanted plant
Term
What civilization started using flowers?
 Definition
The Russian civilization is believed to be the one to have started using flowers.
Term
How hot should the water be in flower buckets?
 Definition
100 to 105 degrees
Term
Where in a floral arrangement should light-covered flowers be placed?
 Definition
near the top
Term
What is the common name for the Gypsophilia flower?
 Definition
baby's breath
Term
When did plastic flowers become popular in the US?
 Definition
1950s
Term
Florists usually create a symmetrical-triangular style arrangement for what occasions?
 Definition
all of these
Term
Using your thumb and forefinger to remove the young tip growth of a stem is called:
 Definition
pinching
Term
Unlike most plants, ferns produce dust like spores, not seeds.
 Definition
1
Term
The pierce wiring technique works best on flowers that have a:
 Definition
thick calyx
Term
Asexual propagation is the reproduction of new plants from the stems, leaves, or roots of a parent plant. How does sexual propagation differ?
 Definition
sexual propagation involved the reproduction of new plants with the use of seeds
Term
What is the vase life?
 Definition
the length of time cut flowers and foliage live after they have been cut
Term
Floriculture is the "culture of flowers."
 Definition
1
Term
What is floral production?
 Definition
the growing of flowering or foliage crops to sale size or maturity
Term
If a florist were limited to two tools, the most useful ones to have would be:
 Definition
sharp knife and floral sheers
Term
Pot mums in 6" pots should average _____ flowering shoots per pot.
 Definition
20-30
Term
This fungus attacks a wide variety of ornamental plants, probably causing more losses than any other single pathogen:
 Definition
botrytis cinerea
Term
Solarization is one of the top three primary ways heat is lost in a greenhouse.
 Definition
0
Term
The genus and species names Dianthus caryophylius identifies what flower?
 Definition
carnation
Term
Excessively short stems in tulips planted outdoors are do to:
 Definition
warm spring temperatures and lack of winter cooling
Term
Upper leaves which show intervenal chlorosis probably suffer from:
 Definition
an iron deficiency
Term
A dried branch, bleached by the sun, used in decorations is called:
 Definition
Manzanita
Term
What does the xylem do for a plant?
 Definition
transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves
Term
Some questions a floral designer should ask when designing arrangements for a specific room are as follows: "What size is the room?", "What is the ceiling height?", "How many tables will there be?"
 Definition
1
Term
The most popular mechanics item used to support floral arrangement is:
 Definition
floral foam
Term
The most important environmental factor in orchid culture is:
 Definition
watering and water quality
Term
Specialty cut flowers may be defined as:
 Definition
cut flowers other than rose, carnations, and chrysanthemums
Term
Which of the following arrangements would not be suitable for a wedding?
 Definition
full couch spray arrangement
Term
Without a day/night fluctuation of _____ to _____ degrees F, orchids will grow plenty of healthy foliage, but may stubbornly refuse to flower.
 Definition
10 to 15
Term
Today, imports account for very little of the cut flowers sold in the US.
 Definition
0
Term
What gives growers the ability to control environmental conditions affecting a crop?
 Definition
Greenhouses
Term
Shape is two-dimensional, while form is:
 Definition
three-dimensional
Term
Proper handling of flowers serves to extend their vase life or the length of time cut flowers and foliage live after they have been cut.
 Definition
1
Term
The covering of a greenhouse is often referred to as the:
 Definition
glazing
Term
_____ are devices used to automatically turn greenhouse systems on or off.
 Definition
Environmental Controls
Term
_____ is the best glazing material for the production of floriculture crops.
 Definition
glass
Term
Leaves are _____ with the responsibility of making _____.
 Definition
organs, food
Term
Most photosynthetic activity occurs in the _____ of cells.
 Definition
mesophyll layer
Term
Roots support the above ground growth of a plant because they absorb _____ and _____, and they _____ the plant.
 Definition
water, minerals, anchor
Term
_____ are the reproductive organs of a plant.
 Definition
Flowers
Term
Plants only have two main structures.
 Definition
0
Term
A single flower on a flower stem or peduncle is called a:
 Definition
solitary flower
Term
Cellular respiration is the _____ of photosynthesis in that energy is released as the stored sugars are broken down.
 Definition
reverse
Term
_____ is responsible for cell division and differentiation.
 Definition
Cytokinins
Term
_____ are naturally occurring chemicals produced by plants to _____ growth.
 Definition
hormones, regulate
Term
Synthetic growth regulators are not produced by plants.
 Definition
1
Term
Plants are propagated in what two ways?
 Definition
Sexual and Asexual
Term
_____ has changed the import/export side of the floriculture industry.
 Definition
Air travel
Term
What factors are involved in seed germination?
 Definition
all of these
Term
The most widely used method of asexual propagation in the floriculture industry is stem cutting.
 Definition
1
Term
_____ rank as the third most popular cut flower in the world.
 Definition
carnations
Term
The United States cut flower market relies heavily on imports from other countries.
 Definition
1
Term
After being placed in a floral preservative solution, how long should the flowers remain at room temperature for efficient uptake of the solution?
 Definition
2 to 3 hours
Term
The Oriental and the American designs differ because, in the American design, every flower has a specific meaning and an exact location. This does not apply in the Oriental style.
 Definition
0
Term
What pH is recommended for fresh flowers in solution?
 Definition
3 to 4.5
Term
Ethylene gas is an odorless, colorless gas that is produced in a lab to rejuvenate wilted flowers.
 Definition
0
Term
Underwater cutting is recommended especially for roses to ensure that _____, not _____, enters the xylem.
 Definition
water, air
Term
Floral preservatives should be used because they will _____ the lasting qualities of fresh flowers.
 Definition
increase
Term
An English painter by the name of _____ developed the S curve in the 18th century because he thought a curve was very pleasing to the eye.
 Definition
William Hogart
Term
Name the colors of the color wheel in order.
 Definition
red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet
Term
Floral production involves the growing of _____ and _____ for sale.
 Definition
flowering, foliage crops
Term
Shape and form are _____ in floral design.
 Definition
different
Term
A foot-candle is the amount of light falling on:
 Definition
1 square foot surface located 1 food away from one candle
Term
What are conical centerpieces?
 Definition
cone-shaped, three dimensional isosceles triangles
Term
Dried flowers with _____ stems may be used in designing by _____ them with wire, metal, or wooden picks, hollow stems, taped stems, or hot glue.
 Definition
short, lengthening
Term
What is the best time of day to harvest plant materials for drying?
 Definition
middle of day
Term
Percent germination is the percentage of _____ that will _____ and _____.
 Definition
seeds, sprout, grow
Term
Damping-off is a common _____ disease in germinating seeds and seedlings.
 Definition
fungal
Term
There are 17 elements needed to provide the necessary plant nutrients. Macronutrients are the _____ nutrients that are needed in _____ amounts.
 Definition
major, larger
Term
The international wholesale market for cut flowers and foliage is located in:
 Definition
Holland
Term
The Oriental cultures that developed while the Greek and Roman cultures were developing had their own floral practices. One that is still taught today is the _____ design method.
 Definition
Ikenobo
Term
Three factors that are very important when considering water quality for fresh flowers are:
 Definition
pH, hardness, salinity
Term
The Ikenobo floral design was developed in what country?
 Definition
Japan
Term
For optimum vase life, most cut flowers should be stored at temperatures as close to ___ degrees F as possible.
 Definition
35
Term
All foliage plants must be _____ prior to installing in an interior area.
 Definition
acclimated
Term
Three types of designs found in American flower arranging are line-mass, mastoid, and lunar.
 Definition
0
Term
The most influential and important person in all the ancient arts of China was:
 Definition
Hsieh Ho
Term
Good mineral or garden soils have about _____ percent of pore space.
 Definition
50
Term
True bulbs are classified as tunicate or non-tunicate.
 Definition
1
Term
Bird-of-Paradise is the common name, what is the Genus-Species?
 Definition
Strelitzia reginae
Term
The Easter lily crop is difficult to grow because:
 Definition
Easter falls on a different date each year
Term
The Retail Florist business has been in existence for over ____ years.
 Definition
100
Term
The width of an arrangement is less than _____ the height, except in a horizontal (centerpiece) design.
 Definition
twice
Term
Odd numbers should be used in arrangements when fewer than _____ flowers of one kind are used.
 Definition
10
Term
_____ is a term used to describe the practices that get bulbs to grow and produce flowers.
 Definition
forcing
Term
Green plants do not have the ability to produce their own food.
 Definition
0
Term
A tunicate bulb has a dry, papery covering called a:
 Definition
tunic
Term
Foliage plants are _____ and _____ plants, either woody or non-woody, that are successfully grown indoors.
 Definition
tropical, subtropical
Term
_____ is the art and science of selecting, placing, and maintaining plants to improve and enhance the appearance of the indoor environment.
 Definition
interiorscaping
Term
Double potting is the act of placing a pot next to an identical pot with the same plant and displaying the pots together.
 Definition
0
Term
The interpretation of Chinese flower arrangements deals with three important principles: the art of contemplation as practiced by Confucius, the principle of the preservation of life as taught by Buddhism, and the floral symbolism which has developed as a form of folklore.
 Definition
1
Term
The Oriental country best known for its floral art is:
 Definition
Japan
Term
A _____ is a greenhouse designed for the display of plants.
 Definition
conservatory
Term
The importance of the growing medium rests with four basic function. They are: holds water, provides nutrients, permits the exchange of gasses, and provides _____ for the plant.
 Definition
support
Term
_____ capacity is the measure of a medium's capacity to hold nutrients.
 Definition
Cation exchange
Term
Organic media used in greenhouses have between ___ and ___ percent pore space.
 Definition
75 and 85
Term
Lilies are ____ bulbs.
 Definition
non-tunic
Term
Easter is the first Sunday following a full moon after March 21; therefore, growers must schedule their crops for the Easter lily different each year.
 Definition
1
Term
The Genus-species, Erica sp has a common name of:
 Definition
heather
Term
An arrangement should be ___ to ___ times the height of a tall container or the length of an elongated container.
 Definition
1.5 to 2
Term
To acclimate a plant, the grower moves the plant from the lower light (not full sun) growing area to progressively _____ levels before shipping to an interiorscape.
 Definition
lower light
Term
The hook method of wiring for floral arrangements is used for:
 Definition
flat headed flowers
Term
What is the purpose of "pinching" plants?
 Definition
helps the plants become more bushy
Term
In the past, your stem tip cuttings of Verbena produced an 85% rooting rate. You have contracted with Classic Retail Nursery for 2000 4” pots of homestead verbena for April 1st. Using your records, approximately how many cuttings should you propagate to have 2000 plants ready by April 1st?
 Definition
2355
Term
You are producing a crop of 500 Geranium plants.  It is time to transplant the rooted cuttings into 6” standard pots.  One cubic foot of potting media will fill 16 pots.  How many 3 cubic foot bags of potting media will you need?
 Definition
11 bags
Term
How much will the media cost for your crop of 100 Betterboy Tomatoes if you grow the tomatoes in one-gallon nursery containers?  One cubic foot of media will fill 9 one-gallon containers.  Each 3 cubic foot bag of media costs  $ 18.75.
 Definition
$75.00
Term
Choose the correct materials below to air layer a Dracena Corn Plant.
 Definition
sphagnum moss, knife, rooting hormone, plastic, mist bottle, twist ties
Term
Pinching is a process that:
 Definition
promotes branching
Term
Which of the following is a growth regulator?
 Definition
B-Nine
Term
Which of the following is not generally used as a potted crop?
 Definition
Snapdragons
Term
Which of the following is primarily used as a cut flower crop?
 Definition
Statice
Term
Identify the flower considered a line flower:
 Definition
Liatris
Term
Large leaves are often removed from a germanium plant in late winner to:
 Definition
Permit more light to reach young growth
Term
A shade cloth is pulled over a greenhouse to:
 Definition
increase temperature
Term
An insecticide should never be used in the same sprayer the has been used to apply:
 Definition
Herbicides
Term
A cultivated variety is referred to as a:
 Definition
cultivar
Term
How many extra plants would you order if you need 300, buy you place an order for 5% extra, just in case some dies or get damaged?
 Definition
15
Term
Which of the following should not be used as a bedding plant in Georgia in June?
 Definition
pansy
Term
PPM is…
 Definition
parts per million
Term
Which of the following is an organic material?
 Definition
leaves
Term
The best time to prune azaleas is…
 Definition
just after flowering
Term
How many pounds of nitrogen are in a 100 pound bag 10-15-10?
 Definition
10
Term
Stem cuttings are used to propagate
 Definition
poinsettias
Term
Ventilation is necessary in a greenhouse to…
 Definition
all the answers listed
Term
Most bedding plants are sexually propagated by…
 Definition
none of the answers listed
Term
Which of the following are common colors of poinsettias?
 Definition
red, pink, white
Term
The process by which the energy of sunlight is converted into chemical energy by green plants is known as:
 Definition
photosynthesis
Term
10-10-10 is an example of:
 Definition
fertilizer analysis
Term
Fluorescent bulbs…
 Definition
provide the best artificial light source
Term
Martha Stewart would like for you to choose a filler for her table arrangements.  Which of the following is a filler?
 Definition
statice
Term
What is IPM?
 Definition
integrated pest arrangement
Term
Chilling damage to tropical plants occurs at what temperature?
 Definition
35 to 45
Term
______ is known as the father of modern genetics.
 Definition
Gregor Mendel
Term
The growing, harvesting, storing, processing, and marketing of fruits and nuts…
 Definition
pomolgy
Term
Occurs when wind, insects, or animals transfer pollen grains from the anther to the stigma…
 Definition
fertilization
Term
Transports water and nutrients from roots to other parts of the plant…
 Definition
xylem
Term
Bearded iris have what type of roots?
 Definition
rhizomes
Term
Which crop produces stolons?
 Definition
strawberries
Term
Which of the following plants produce adventitious roots?
 Definition
English ivy, heart leaf philodendron
Term
_____________ plays an important role in getting Easter lilies to flower on time.
 Definition
temperature
Term
A greenhouse cooling system where large exhaust fans draw air through  a moistened pad mounted on the opposite end of the structure is called…
 Definition
evaporative cooling
Term
Molluscicide is used to control…
 Definition
slugs
Term
Identify the signal words that may be used on a pesticide label…
 Definition
danger, warning, caution
Term
BPM is…
 Definition
best management practices
Term
What is a chemical messenger produced by plant tissue that controls plant growth?
 Definition
hormones
Term
Hardiness refers to a plants ability to…
 Definition
withstand cold temperatures
Term
Percolation is…
 Definition
downward movement of water in the soil
Term
Crushed limestone is added to the soil to…
 Definition
raise the pH
Term
The type of pot used in plant production depends on what factors?
 Definition
growth habit of the plants
Term
____________ is the most widely used irrigation system used for potted plants?
 Definition
tube irrigation
Term
__________ are naturally occurring nutrient materials that are derived from plants or animals.
 Definition
organic fertilizers
Term
Thermoperiodic describes a plants responses to…
 Definition
changes in day and night temperatures
Term
Bubbles of air enter the end of the cut flower stem and block water movement.  What practice(s) may be used to reverse it?
 Definition
All of the answers listed
Term
A floral arrangement is ___________ if the two halves are equal in size and shape.
 Definition
symmetrical
Term
Floral arrangements should be…
 Definition
1 ½ times as tall as the container
Term
Which of the following plants may be reproduced by using leaf blade cuttings?
 Definition
rex begonia
Term
Indirect seeding is…
 Definition
planted in germination media and transplanted
Term
______________ is one of the greatest causes of failure in growing house plants.
 Definition
Watering
Term
The most serious pesticide poisonings occur:
 Definition
During mixing and loading
Term
_____________ are horizontal underground stems.
 Definition
Stolons
Term
The measure of how poisonous a chemical is after a single exposure is _____________ toxicity.
 Definition
acute
Term
LD50 is the measure for  _______________ toxicity.
 Definition
oral
Term
All soil used in house plant mixes should be sterilized to kill certain pests.  Which of the following is Not one of the organisms that will be killed during sterilization?
 Definition
Rodents
Term
_________________ is a sterile, lightweight mica product.
 Definition
Vermiculite
Term
Orchids like _____%  to ______% humidity.
 Definition
50-80
Term
The ______________ in the stems produces all new cells.
 Definition
cambium
Term
The organic compounds that affect the enlargement and division of cells, tissue differentiation, dormancy, leaf aging, and leaf drop are known as ___________________.
 Definition
Cytokinins
Term
A plants response to temperature is known as:
 Definition
Thermotropism
Term
What is the fertilizer element that is used by the plant to make chlorophyll molecules?
 Definition
Nitrogen
Term
In Floral Design, placing objects in strategic locations to create a visual feeling of stability in a design is known as _______________________.
 Definition
balance
Term
Baby's Breath is an example of a ______________flower.
 Definition
filler
Term
The insecticide Mr. Jones sprayed in his greenhouse had a skull and crossbones on the label.  What is the allowed re-entry time for the area treated with  this chemical?
 Definition
48 hours
Term
___________________ is the branch of horticulture dealing with the production, storage, processing, and marketing of vegetables.
 Definition
Olericulture
Term
A flower containing  both stamens and pistils is known as a________________ flower.
 Definition
perfect
Term
Which of the following is not necessary for seed germination?
 Definition
Soil
Term
The ability of a plant to withstand colder temperatures is known as

_________________.
 Definition
hardiness
Term
_________________________ is using foliage plants inside buildings to create the feeling of outdoors.
 Definition
Interiorscaping
Term
___________________ describes the evaporation of water from the plant leaf.
 Definition
Transpiration
Term
What is added to acidic soil to raise the pH?
 Definition
Lime
Term
Which of the following is the proper sequence of the layers of a leaf?
 Definition
Lower  epidermis, spongy layer, chloroplasts, palisade layer, upper epidermis
Term
IPM is an acronym for:
 Definition
Integrated pest material
Term
The petals on a flower are actually leaves.
 Definition
1
Term
Superior nursery is selling begonias, petunias, and marigolds at $9.50 per flat. They are selling impatiens, and ageratum at $11.75 per flat and Dusty Miller, salvia and snapdragons at $7.25 per flat. Mrs. Cooper buys 3 begonias, 2 marigolds, 1 Dusty Miller, 1 impatiens, and 4 salvia. The tax is 6 percent. What is her total cost?
 Definition
$101.23
Term
The fertilizer element __________________ increases the plant's resistance to disease.
 Definition
Phosphorus
Term
Which of the following would not be effective in lowering the pH in alkaline soils?
 Definition
Applying lime
Term
_________________ seed are those that are soaked in a salt solution of KCL or ethyl alcohol in order to make the growth hormones or enzymes to become active and the seed radical or young root to start growth.
 Definition
Primed
Term
Soil sterilization requires heating the soil at
 Definition
1800F for half an hour
Term
The watering system that uses the least amount of water
 Definition
trickle tube
Term
The best disease control program is started with
 Definition
a sterile planting media, container, and a sanitary environment
Term
When transplanting bedding plants, the soil temperature needs to be
 Definition
600F
Term
Which of the following is considered to be a cool color in a floral design?
 Definition
green
Term
A Jardiniere is a
 Definition
decorative container used to hold potted plants.
Term
____________________ is a rigid greenhouse covering that is made of double layers, has high light transmission, is flame retardant and has the strongest resistance to breakage.
 Definition
Polycarbonate
Term
Silt has soil particles from _____ to _____ mm in diameter.
 Definition
0.05 to 0.002
Term
Jan works at Sunshine Florist after school and on Saturday mornings. She is paid $5.65 per hour. On the week of March 5, she worked 29 3/4 hours. If the florist withheld $6.38 for taxes and Social Security, what would be her gross pay.
 Definition
$168.09
Term
Which of the following fertilizer elements is Not a micro-nutrient?
 Definition
Calcium
Term
A _______________ is the entire whorl of petals.
 Definition
corolla
Term
Which of the following would Not be listed on a pesticide label?
 Definition
The original formulator
Term
Which of the following bulbs are the easiest for forcing?
 Definition
Amaryllis
Term
_______________ is a process of events whereby the seed embryo goes from a dormant state to an active growing state.
 Definition
Germination
Term
Which of the following is an advantage of germinating seed in 1020 poly-flats?
 Definition
Little equipment is necessary
Term
Which of the following is not a cost efficient method of cooling a greenhouse?
 Definition
Central air-conditioning system
Term
_____________ is the simplest form of pruning and is used to encourage lateral branching, remove unwanted growth, and increase the size of flowers.
 Definition
Pinching
Term
Which of the following plant growth regulators could be used on Poinsettias to shorten stem length?
 Definition
All of the answers listed
Term
Which of the following are primary colors?
 Definition
red, yellow and blue
Term
The color harmony produced by using various shades, tints, and tones of one color is called:
 Definition
monochromatic harmony
Term
The most popular form of asexual reproduction of plants is
 Definition
cuttings.
Term
The forcing time for Easter Lilies is about ___ days.
 Definition
150
Term
The Begonia plant has very tiny seeds which should be covered with ____ inch(es) of soil when planted
 Definition
0
Term
Cycocel is a (an)
 Definition
growth regulator.
Term
Water and food are translocated in plants through tissues called
 Definition
xylem and phloem.
Term
A solenoid valve
 Definition
is a switch often used for controlling water flow.
Term
Cindy discovers that her bedding plant starts, like her, are leggy, pale and weak.  This could be due to
 Definition
All of the answers listed
Term
Which of the following is considered in the trade to be a Holland flower?
 Definition
Alstroemeria
Term
Weeping fig (Ficus benjamina) moved directly from a high light growing area to an interior room will often drop its leaves because of :
 Definition
improper acclimatization.
Term
During which seasons will black cloths not be needed for short day plants such as cosmos to bloom, assuming no interruption of the natural day length?
 Definition
Fall and winter
Term
The first part of the new plant to emerge from the seed is the ___________.
 Definition
root
Term
The red parts of the poinsettia are not really blooms but modified leaves called
 Definition
bracts
Term
Plants should be watered early in the day
 Definition
to aid in disease prevention.
Term
Which is not a greenhouse insect pest?
 Definition
Lady bug
Term
Soil should be heated to ____ for 30 minutes for sterilization?
 Definition
180E
Term
A roof or ridge vent is part of the greenhouse cooling system and is effective if properly used because?
 Definition
hot air rises out of the vent.
Term
When a plants roots have completely filled its pot and become overly crowded, the plant is said to be
 Definition
potbound
Term
Which group of holidays is most important for florist sales?
 Definition
Christmas, Mothers Day, Valentines Day
Term
Jackie sold 875 potted Geraniums at $3.76 each. Her cost of production was $ 2.12. What is her net profit?
 Definition
$1,435.00
Term
Which group of plants is all general propagated seeds?
 Definition
Petunia, tomato, pepper
Term
John used seven different kinds of flowers in a floral arrangement. He ignored the principle of:
 Definition
simplicity
Term
The three most common type floral designs for funerals are referred to as
 Definition
wreaths, sprays, mixed pots
Term
Better Boy, Early Girl, Big Boy, Rutgers and Homestead are all varieties of
 Definition
tomatoes
Term
Saucers for plants to sit in often cause problems because.
 Definition
root rot can develop if water is left standing in the saucer.
Term
Topsoil is seldom used in greenhouse production today because
 Definition
All of the answers listed
Term
The percentage of potassium in a 5-10-15 fertilizer is
 Definition
15
Term
Fumigant pesticides are in a _______ form.
 Definition
gas
Term
What do you call a mechanical device, which introduces a concentrated fertilizer solution into the pipeline used for watering plants?
 Definition
Proportioner
Term
If a soil pH is acidic, apply:
 Definition
limestone.
Term
Plant pathology is the study of:
 Definition
plant diseases.
Term
Backflow of water and chemicals into the pipes of the domestic water system can be prevented by installing a(n):
 Definition
check valve.
Term
What type of gloves should be worn when handling pesticides?
 Definition
Rubber
Term
A six man crew works on a job from 7:30 a.m.- 4:00 p.m. and takes 30 minutes for lunch. If your policy is to charge $13.00 per man-hour for labor, how much should you charge for this job?
 Definition
$624.00
Term
Hydroponics is a system of growing plants in:
 Definition
nutrient solution.
Term
For a compost pile to break down rapidly, it should be:
 Definition
All of the answers listed
Term
What document(s) listed below is required by law to be on-hand and available to all employees?
 Definition
Material safety data sheets
Term
The correct way to soak floral foam is to:
 Definition
drop it into a pan and let it soak and sink slowly until about 1/4@ remains out the water.
Term
Plants are described as hardy if they can:
 Definition
survive the winters in the area in which they are planted
Term
Which of the following is NOT a commonly used soil mix ingredient?
 Definition
ground pine straw
Term
The process of manufacturing carbohydrates from the raw materials in air and water is
 Definition
photosynthesis
Term
The process of removing the tips of shoots so as to promote lateral branch development in mums is known as
 Definition
pinching
Term
Bacillus thuringiensis is
 Definition
a bacterial insecticide
Term
Which statement is true concerning wire and ribbon sizes?
 Definition
The larger the number, the smaller the wire and narrower the ribbon
Term
The standard size for hanging baskets is
 Definition
10 inch
Term
A Chrysanthemum x morifolium is classified for floriculture uses as a:
 Definition
flowering potted plant
Term
.  Black spot of rose is caused by:
 Definition
fungi
Term
The process of a seed going through a time of cold temperature before it germinates is called:
 Definition
stratification
Term
The process of propagating plants from cuttings is known as:
 Definition
asexual pollination
Term
A plant may be suffering from _______ if the leaves have yellow spots, patches, or streaks.
 Definition
mosaic virus
Term
The most commonly used material for holding silk flowers in floral arrangements is:
 Definition
styrofoam
Term
.  ____________ occurs when a plant does not have enough moisture for the cells to remain turgid.
 Definition
Wilting
Term
Plants maintain a healthy heat and moisture balance through a process called:
 Definition
transpiration
Term
Which plant below is matched to its usual or common method of propagation?
 Definition
gladiolus;  separation
Term
Which plant listed below would be least tolerant of a very sunny location?
 Definition
Impatiens
Term
Pores or openings in the leaf that allow the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor is defined as a:
 Definition
stomata
Term
A group of cells at the tip of a root is called the root ________________.
 Definition
cap
Term
The male parts of the flower are a slender stalk called the _______________ and an enlarged part at the end called the _______________ where pollen grains are formed.
 Definition
filament, anther
Term
House plants grown near a window in winter may lean toward the light in response to a reaction called:
 Definition
phototropism
Term
When new growth on a plant is weak and spindly with large gaps between the leaves, the  plant is most likely suffering from lack of :
 Definition
light
Term
The life cycle of an annual plant:
 Definition
is completed in one growing season
Term
Seedlings should be transplanted:
 Definition
when the first true leaves are have developed
Term
Plants can be propagated vegetatively because of the process of cell division which is  known as:
 Definition
mitosis
Term
Bulb crops are commonly propagated by:
 Definition
separation of divisions
Term
Sugars are manufactured in the  _______________ of  plants.
 Definition
leaves
Term
Hook wiring is the most appropriate technique for wiring a(n):
 Definition
daisy
Term
Which of the following would NOT be considered a foliage plant?
 Definition
Alyssum
Term
Which is the best preservative listed for cut flowers? (Home remedy)
 Definition
lemon-lime soft drinks
Term
Which of the following would give a prospective employer a summary of your education, work experience and professional accomplishments?
 Definition
resume
Term
The process of moving one plant from one location and planting it in another is called:
 Definition
transplanting
Term
The  process of reproducing a plant by using small pieces of tissue in an artificial medium under sterile conditions is called:
 Definition
tissue culture
Term
Root systems in plants are classified as either tap or                  .
 Definition
fibrous
Term
The main function of plant leaves is:
 Definition
carbohydrate production.
Term
Ferns are different from most horticultural crops because they reproduce from:
 Definition
spores
Term
Photoperiodism is a plant response to:
 Definition
day length
Term
The main disadvantage of producing plants from seeds is that:
 Definition
cross-pollination often produces seedling variation.
Term
African violets are usually propagated by:
 Definition
leaf petiole cuttings
Term
Water hose ends should be kept off the ground or floor to prevent:
 Definition
spread of disease.
Term
What is the main advantage of raised beds?
 Definition
Raised beds have better drainage.
Term
Which is commonly used for a cut flower?
 Definition
Alstroemeria
Term
With potted plants, the presence of a white, flaky film on the soil surface or pot rim (especially on clay pots) indicates:
 Definition
salt buildup.
Term
Which of the flowers listed is least shade tolerant?
 Definition
Marigold
Term
Proper maintenance of marigolds in landscape beds includes:
 Definition
dead-heading.
Term
Which of the following is true in terms of customer service?
 Definition
Customers should always be greeted right away.
Term
The                       of hydrangeas can be changed by changing the pH of the soil
 Definition
flower color
Term
All of the following are principles of design used in floral design EXCEPT:
 Definition
cycle.
Term
Which of the following solutions is best to disinfect used pots?
 Definition
1 part bleach to 10 parts water
Term
Which type of cutting is wounded to improve rooting?
 Definition
woody
Term
Gladiolus are:
 Definition
used as line flowers in floral designs.
Term
A pollen grain moves first from the anther to the _________ to begin its journey to the ovary for fertilization.
 Definition
stigma
Term
A compost pile should be
 Definition
All of the answers listed
Term
What plant pest is most active at night?
 Definition
slug
Term
What document(s) listed below is required by law to be on-hand and available to all employees in case of emergency?
 Definition
material safety data sheets
Term
A material used to kill insects is called a(n):
 Definition
insecticide
Term
Diseases grow best on _______ leaves.
 Definition
wet
Term
A Ficus benjamina plant is classified for floriculture uses as a:
 Definition
foliage plant.
Term
Damping off is caused by:
 Definition
fungi.
Term
What instrument measures soluble salts in soils?
 Definition
solu-bridge
Term
The process of using pollen from one plant to pollinate another plant is called:
 Definition
cross pollination
Term
Which of the following is a normal length of time for the production of most potted mum varieties (from potting of the rooted cuttings to the selling date)?
 Definition
12 weeks
Term
Azaleas bloom naturally in the:
 Definition
Spring
Term
Which of the following would be a problem in growing potted azaleas?
 Definition
Adding 2 teaspoons of hydrated lime to each pot.
Term
Which of the following foliage combinations would create the greatest texture contrast in a floral arrangement?
 Definition
English Ivy and asparagus fern
Term
Which of the following night temperatures is best for growing tomatoes from seedlings to bedding plant size?
 Definition
65 degrees
Term
An initial symptom of fertilizer burn is leaf:
 Definition
scorch
Term
Which plant below is NOT matched to its usual or common method of propagation?
 Definition
azaleas - division
Term
The cause of tall, leggy plants can often be traced to:
 Definition
crowded growing conditions.
Term
Which plant listed below would be most tolerant of a very sunny location in the greenhouse?
 Definition
poinsettia
Term
Green spider plants grow faster than variegated spider plants, probably because:
 Definition
it has more green area for photosynthesis.
Term
Mr. Aged told the class that the temperature for rooting cuttings should be no lower than 70 degrees F.  He was talking about the:
 Definition
temperature of the rooting media
Term
Food produced in the leaves is moved to other parts of the plant through the:
 Definition
phloem.
Term
Floriculture production in the United States is valued at about $____________ at farm gate.
 Definition
4.7 billion
Term
The leading floriculture production states are __________, ___________, and ____________.
 Definition
California, Florida, Texas
Term
Florida floriculture crop production is valued at $______________.
 Definition
765 million
Term
Watering greenhouse plants is one of the easiest jobs faced by growers.
 Definition
0
Term
When should plants be watered?
 Definition
just before wilting or water stress occurs
Term
Perched water table means that the container has ___________ at the bottom of the container right after watering, when drainage has occurred.
 Definition
free-water
Term
_____ factors need to be considered to achieve a successful fertility program.
 Definition
Five
Term
When certain elements are provided in excess to plants, uptake of other nutrients may be hindered. One example of a mineral antagonism is the _____________________________ interaction; a 1:1 ratio is recommended for most floriculture crops.
 Definition
nitrogen-potassium
Term
The optimum ph range for most crops growing in a soilless medium is__________.
 Definition
5.8-6.4
Term
American floriculture crops are considered to be ________ quality if they are well branched and _______, with multiple flowers that open ______________.
 Definition
high, full, simultaneously
Term
True or False. Pinching artificially accelerates a plant’s branching and growers commonly use three types of pinches.
 Definition
1
Term
The process of pinching a plant removes the ________ factory and eliminates the ________ concentration of the __________ hormone from the upper portion of the plant.
 Definition
auxin, high, inhibitory
Term
When the source of ________ is removed, the concentration of the __________ drops quickly, thereby releasing lateral branches from _________ dominance and allowing them to develop.
 Definition
auxin, hormone, apical
Term
A time tested rule is to pinch when roots are ________________ and __________ of the _________ after removing the plant from its pot.
 Definition
visible at the sides, bottom, medium
Term
_______________ growers first began growing their rose plants using bent stems in the 1980’s.
 Definition
Japanese
Term
Rose plants used for the bent stem technique are started as __________ node cuttings, which are rooted and grown frequently in _______ _______ _______.
 Definition
single, rock wool cubes
Term
Cut roses are divided into hybrid teas, spray roses and _________.
 Definition
sweethearts
Term
There are less than _________ dozen rose breeders specializing in commercial cut flower varieties.
 Definition
two
Term
Roses generally are graded according to _________ of stem.
 Definition
length
Term
The greenhouse comes “alive” only after its __________, or __________, is applied. A glazing’s primary purpose is to allow __________ into the greenhouse while allowing the grower to manipulate the environment __________ the greenhouse.
 Definition
glazing, cover, light, inside
Term
There is/are _____ type(s) of growing floors.
 Definition
5, natural soil, sand and gravel floors, ground cloth, porous concrete, concrete
Term
The __________ component of watering is the easy part because the scientific principals can be taught and learned. The ________ of watering is extremely difficult to teach. It is determining when plants need to be watered and then applying water properly.
 Definition
science, art
Term
While it cost ________ to produce pinched plants in terms of _________ and _______, the _________ quality is achieved with pinched plants in terms of size, fullness and flower performance.
 Definition
more, labor, time, highest
Term
True or False. Flower arranging differs from other arts in that it has its own media (arrangers grow their own materials).
 Definition
1
Term
The Japanese confine their displays of flower arrangements to specific areas as a matter of __________ and ___________.
 Definition
ritual, custom
Term
The Chinese method of handling flowers is founded on __________, preservation of life, and appreciation of __________.
 Definition
symbolism, beauty
Term
Confucius taught that real enjoyment consist of ___________and ____________.
 Definition
simplicity, contemplation
Term
True or False. A few flowers in a vase can describe the whole life history of a plant, as well as display the beauty of a perfect bloom.
 Definition
1
Term
A creative art form using space along with line, form, color, and texture to create the floral arrangements by using plant material and other components.
 Definition
abstract design
Term
Two or three colors adjacent to each other on the color wheel.
 Definition
analogous color harmony
Term
Two sides of a vertical axis in an arrangement that are different in composition but equal in visual weight.
 Definition
asymmetrical balance
Term
A circle of greens decorated with fruits, nuts, cones, seed pods, or berries typical of the Renaissance period.
 Definition
Della Robbia Wreath
Term
The art of placing floral material in a container in a pleasing manner following various artistic principles.
 Definition
flower arranging
Term
Bringing plants into bloom at a time other than normal in nature.
 Definition
forcing
Term
A circle of small flowers arranged around one central flower similar to a nosegay.
 Definition
Tussy Mussy
Term
A new concept in creative art form free from conventional ideas and patterns, nongeometric.
 Definition
free-form design
Term
An all around arrangement to be viewed from all sides.
 Definition
free standing
Term
Tints, tones, and shades of one hue.
 Definition
monochromatic color harmony
Term
A tight hand bouquet of fragrant flowers.
 Definition
nosegay
Term
A container of unusual form or shape such as a heart, animal, etc…..
 Definition
novelty
Term
Probably the most influential factor in advancing flower arrangement in this country has been the _______________________.
 Definition
National Council of State Garden Clubs
Term
The American Style of flower arrangement stresses clear cut designs, _______________, ____________, and ______ of expression.
 Definition
plant forms, originality, freedom
Term
In any style of flower arranging, past or present, American, European, or Oriental, there are __________________ to be considered _________________________________________________.
 Definition
6 design elements, line, form, space, texture, color and harmony
Term
There are ____________ of design. All the _____________ of design should be present in every good arrangement, but their relative importance will vary. They are_________________ _.
 Definition
7 principles, principles, balance, scale, rhythm, repetition, unity, focus, and harmony
Term
True or False. Various colors will produce different emotional and psychological effects.
 Definition
1
Term
Violets and purples give a ___________________ sometimes __________.
 Definition
spiritual feeling, sad
Term
Tints of various hues will normally be ___________, while tones tend to give a ____________ effect.
 Definition
uplifting, soothing
Term
_____________ can be either warm or cool; it takes on the feelings of the colors with which it is associated.
 Definition
White
Term
The Easter Lily crop is difficult to grow because,
 Definition
Easter falls on a different date each year.
Term
The number of floral industry workers in the United States is about ________.
 Definition
110,000
Term
The primary function of the root is to ________.
 Definition
anchor the plant and supply water and nutrients
Term
The portion of the root that takes in the water and plant nutrients is the ________.
 Definition
root hair
Term
The major types of root systems are ________.
 Definition
fibrous and taproot
Term
The area of cell division is ________.
 Definition
responsible for the production of new cells on the tip of the root
Term
The phloem ________.
 Definition
carries the manufactured food from the leaves to the roots
Term
Herbaceous stems ________.
 Definition
are green and are not winter hardy
Term
The node ________.
 Definition
is the part of the stem where the leaf is attached
Term
The study of functions and the complex chemical processes that allow plants to grow is known as ________.
 Definition
plant physiology
Term
Chlorophyll is important in plants because it ________.
 Definition
is also known as the chloroplasts
Term
The rate at which photosynthesis is carried out depends on ________.
 Definition
the light intensity, temperature, and concentration of carbon dioxide
Term
Photosynthesis will work best in which temperature range?
 Definition
65 to 85 degrees F
Term
Respiration ________.
 Definition
uses food for plant energy
Term
Plant nutrition is ________.
 Definition
use of basic chemical elements in the plant
Term
Propagation is defined as ________.
 Definition
the process of increasing the numbers of a species
Term
A seed consists of ________.
 Definition
a seed coat, endosperm, and embryo
Term
A type of stem cutting used where stock material is limited and has alternate leaves is a ________.
 Definition
single-eye cutting
Term
A cutting that is usually made from a large-leaf plant with the veins split is ________.
 Definition
split-vein cutting
Term
Grafting is ________.
 Definition
a method of joining two parts of two different plants
Term
The most common type of grafting is ________.
 Definition
T-budding
Term
Tissue culture may be used for ________.
 Definition
cloning
Term
In tissue culture, contamination may be a problem from ________.
 Definition
all of the answers listed
Term
The first stage of cloning African violets takes approximately ________.
 Definition
30 minutes
Term
To make a very inexpensive hood for tissue culturing, the recommended covering is ________.
 Definition
plastic
Term
Gardening is both a ________.
 Definition
science and art
Term
A good rule of thumb for planning a garden for four people is to start with a plot that is ________.
 Definition
10 x 26 feet
Term
The south and west sides of a house may not be the best locations for a flower garden because they ________.
 Definition
reflect heat on the planting
Term
The furrow in a garden is a _________.
 Definition
sunken walkway
Term
An annual is a plant whose life cycle is completed in ________.
 Definition
one growing season
Term
When cultivating, a gardener should use a ________ for best results.
 Definition
hoe
Term
The technical name for weed-control chemicals is ________.
 Definition
herbicides
Term
After cutting flowers from the garden, it is best to immediately put them in ________.
 Definition
warm water
Term
To heat a hotbed, frosted light bulbs or ________ are commonly used for heat sources.
 Definition
lead or plastic-coated heating cables
Term
The conventional greenhouse is designed to ________.
 Definition
capture light and control temperature
Term
One of the most popular flowering indoor plants is the ________.
 Definition
African violet
Term
An example of an indoor tree is a ________.
 Definition
fiddleleaf fig
Term
When purchasing an indoor plant, check the underside of the leaves for ________.
 Definition
insects
Term
The moderate temperature range for indoor plants is ________.
 Definition
60 to 70 degrees F
Term
If an indoor plant needs direct or full sun, then the plant will need sun for at least ________.
 Definition
half of the daylight hours
Term
The place in a home not usually considered an ideal location for an indoor plant is the _______.
 Definition
basement
Term
Which of the following is not considered an environmental factor when growing indoor plants?
 Definition
weather
Term
When watering plants, the ideal temperature for the water is ________.
 Definition
tepid
Term
Which of the following is not a physical characteristic of an indoor plant?
 Definition
balance
Term
Interior plantscaping is a career area in which area of horticulture?
 Definition
floriculture
Term
Floral arrangement designed with visual paths along which the eye is led from one point of interest to another are called
 Definition
line arrangements
Term
The Snapdragon is also known as
 Definition
Antirrhinum majus
Term
Tissue-cultured plantlets require special attention during the acclimation process from the laboratory to the greenhouse in order to avoid ________ and ensure crop ________.
 Definition
losses, uniformity
Term
Consumers encounter Alstromeria frequently in the retail marketplace, as it is one of the World's top ________ cut flowers
 Definition
ten
Term
A physiological disorder of geraniums caused by high moisture levels in the root media is
 Definition
Oedema
Term
Orchids are distinguished from other flowers by a structure called the sepal.
 Definition
0
Term
The single most important aspect of perennial gardening is
 Definition
timing the bloom
Term
There are two different purposes for using artificial lighting. First, lamps can be used to provide additional light to increase photosynthesis and plant growth. This is termed ________ lighting. Second, lamps can be used to alter the photoperiod perceived by the plants. This is termed ________ lighting.
 Definition
supplemental, photoperiodic
Term
Dianthus caryophyllus is the genus and species for which flower?
 Definition
carnation
Term
There is an abbreviation for the mathematical differences between the day temperature and the night temperatures. Identify that abbreviation.
 Definition
DIF
Term
For vertical color, whether it is in the garden, a cut flower bouquet or an arrangement, you can't beat Antirrhinum majus.
 Definition
1
Term
Alstroemeria hybrids are also known as
 Definition
Princess Lily
Term
Many growers apply a shading compound or shade cloth from late spring to early fall to reduce heat stress that results from high light levels entering the greenhouse.
 Definition
1
Term
The term texture as it applies to plants includes such adjectives as ________, ________, and ________.
 Definition
fine, medium, bold
Term
The most commonly used growth retardant is
 Definition
Cycocel
Term
Many crops today are offered as tissue-cultured plantlets, stage 2 or stage 3. This form of vegetative propagation offers many advantages to growers, primarily in that plants grown from tissue are ________ and ________.
 Definition
disease free, quick growing
Term
Zantedeschia rehmannii, Z. elliotiana, Z. hybrids also known as
 Definition
Calla Lily
Term
Place cut antirrhinum majus stems vertically as soon as possible after harvest; stems placed horizontally may begin to bend upward in as little as
 Definition
30 minutes
Term
Evaporative ________ help to offset the heat load caused by ________ light, thus effective greenhouse cooling allows the grower to provide ________ light levels before heat stress is problematic.
 Definition
cooling pads, high, higher
Term
________, identified by yellowing or interveinal chlorosis of young leaves, is the primary problem for plants growing in a ________ pH medium.
 Definition
iron deficiency, high
Term
Limited induction photoperiod is a ________ technique for controlling elongation of long-day herbaceous perennials.
 Definition
non-chemical
Term
The principal of total compatibility of all parts of an arrangement with each other is termed
 Definition
rhythm
Term
The most popular orchid potting material is
 Definition
Fir bark
Term
The arrangement of flowers referred to as a "Full Couch Spray" is used for
 Definition
top of a closed casket
Term
Day length is the shortest on ________ and increases until ________; therefore, it decreases.
 Definition
December 21, June 21
Term
These summer-blooming perennials produce dense, bristly balls of blue color.
 Definition
Global thistle
Term
All but one of the following is easily suitable for pressing. Which one is not suitable?
 Definition
Daffodil
Term
There are certain soil requirements for building a terrarium. Too much soil looks heavy, while too little soil will not hold the root system. In general, what is the correct amount of soil in relation to the height of the container?
 Definition
25.00000%
Term
Alstroemeria produce two types of shoots ________ and ________
 Definition
flowering, vegetative
Term
An orchid having a horizontal stem from which numerous shoots arise is called
 Definition
sympodial
Term
Snapdragons should be stored and shipped ________ at all times to prevent ________ of the spikes. Snapdragons can be stored for _____ to _____ days, dry or in water, at 40 F (4 C).
 Definition
upright, curvature, 3, 4
Term
Most Callas sold today from the US are ________ year old true seed hybrids.
 Definition
two
Term
Treated seed virtually ________ viral, fungal, and bacterial disease at the time of planting, greatly ________ disease in professional grower products.
 Definition
eliminates, reducing
Term
Seed-grown tubers generally produce ________ eyes, which means plants will have a ________ number of flowers and leaf sprouts.
 Definition
more, higher
Term
Natural photoperiods vary during the year and by
 Definition
latitude
Term
By understanding the critical photoperiod for lower induction, growers can manipulate photoperiods to make plants either ________ or ________.
 Definition
vegetative, reproductive
Term
Powdery mildew is a water mold in the same class of fungi as Pythium and Phytophthora, which produces its characteristic symptoms on leaf undersides.
 Definition
0
Term
Botrytis blight is also known as
 Definition
tulip fire
Term
There are two main types of symptoms observed with Botrytis blight, ________ or ________ leaf spots.
 Definition
nonaggressive, aggressive
Term
The colonial banquet is a ________ bouquet that is popular for both ________ and ________.
 Definition
round, brides, bridesmaid's
Term
The crescent bouquet is one variation of the cascade bouquet that is designed in a ________ shape. The cascade style is a beautiful design for elegant or formal weddings.
 Definition
C
Term
Sympathy flowers are important to ________ the deceased and ________ the living.
 Definition
honor, comfort
Term
A grouping of different types of plants potted in the same container is known as a
 Definition
dish garden
Term
The foundation for a casket spray is a
 Definition
casket saddle
Term
A ________ is an organizational business tool to state the business' purpose and goals and estimate the financing needed to fund the new florist.
 Definition
business plan
Term
A hue with white added is
 Definition
tint
Term
When consulting with a bride regarding floral pieces for an upcoming wedding, which of the following is NOT a primary consideration the florist must address to properly assist the bride for the important occasion?
 Definition
payment schedule for floral services
Term
Flowers are used to fill in a floral arrangement once the lines and the focal area of the design have been established.
 Definition
Mass
Term
Popular colors to use in floral designs during the spring and Easter season include
 Definition
pink, yellow and white
Term
Peat is often mixed into the growing medium of container plants because it
 Definition
has good air and water holding capacities
Term
To properly water indoor plants, consider
 Definition
all of the answers listed
Term
A leaf with parallel venation
 Definition
is a monocot
Term
Lilium longiflorum, an important holiday potted plant, is commonly known as
 Definition
Easter Lily
Term
Secondary colors consist of
 Definition
orange, green and violet
Term
The common name for Zebrina pendula is
 Definition
Wandering Jew
Term
Which of the following are fungus diseases of plants?
 Definition
Mildew, fusarium, damping off
Term
A granite-like volcanic material that is crushed and heated to expand to twenty times its original volume is
 Definition
Perlite
Term
Which of the following is not a method for sterilizing plant growing medium?
 Definition
Keeping the growing medium moist for 6 to 7 days
Term
To increase the keeping quality of plant materials with hollow stems, the stems should be
 Definition
filled with water
Term
________ is an inexpensive material from which some floral containers are made, consisting of wood pulp and glue pressed together.
 Definition
Papier-mache
Term
When preparing a symmetrical triangular floral arrangement, the flowers are placed first in the design.
 Definition
Line/skeletal
Term
A technique growers use to produce well branched, compact plants with many flowers is
 Definition
pinching
Term
Irregularly shaped holes with smooth edges appear in Celosia leaves. Some leaves are even missing. The plants should be treated for
 Definition
slugs and snails
Term
The typical length of florist wire is
 Definition
18 inches
Term
For optimum germination, seeds of nearly all bedding plants require a propagation medium temperature of
 Definition
75 to 85 degrees
Term
The most important environmental factor regulating flower initiation in bulbous species is
 Definition
temperature
Term
The main commercial method for propagating African violets is by
 Definition
leaf petioles
Term
Aphids can promote growth of the
 Definition
Black sooty mold
Term
A major problem in standard carnation production resulting in asymmetrical flowers is
 Definition
Calyx splitting
Term
This is a floral piece commonly displayed at funerals.
 Definition
Standing spray
Term
The all-purpose light level at which most interior plants survive, receiving as much light as possible without any direct sun is
 Definition
bright-indirect light
Term
Japanese style of floral arrangement is known as
 Definition
Ikebana
Term
The genus and species name for the Jade Plant is
 Definition
Crassula argentea
Term
Hanging plants used in interior landscapes function to
 Definition
smooth squared edges found in the architecture
Term
An example of a mass flower is
 Definition
rose
Term
The removal of lateral flower buds from stems, such as carnations and chrysanthemums, is called
 Definition
disbudding
Term
The genus and species for Yarrow is
 Definition
Achillea filipendulina
Term
A good substitute for sand, this material provides for aeration in the growing media.
 Definition
Perlite
Term
Analogous color harmony utilizes
 Definition
two or three adjacent colors on the color wheel
Term
Commercial flower crops are sometimes watered to cause leaching. This means
 Definition
watering to remove excess soluble salts from the growing medium
Term
In Japanese floral design, Tai represents
 Definition
Earth
Term
A container often used at Thanksgiving for floral arrangements and symbolic of a plentiful harvest is the
 Definition
cornucopia
Term
The genus and species name for the Fiddleleaf Fig is
 Definition
Ficus lyrata
Term
Failure of a bulb to produce a marketable flower following floral initiation is
 Definition
flower blasting
Term
Appropriate refrigeration of cut floral materials involves both temperature and humidity control to
 Definition
slow down respiration
Term
A palmately compound leaf has
 Definition
leaflets
Term
The acceleration of flowering by manipulating environmental conditions is known as
 Definition
forcing
Term
Pollination occurs when
 Definition
a pollen grain touches the stigma
Term
Magnesium, calcium and sulfur
 Definition
are essential elements needed for plant processes
Term
The average humidity recommended for interior plants is
 Definition
40 to 70%
Term
Cuttings of potted chrysanthemums are planted at an angle to encourage
 Definition
increased branching
Term
A ten-week group variety of chrysanthemum means
 Definition
they bloom ten weeks after the start of short days
Term
The following is not a characteristic of an insect:
 Definition
Two tentacles
Term
The framework of a floral design is created by
 Definition
line
Term
The least desirable way to water plug-grown seedlings is with
 Definition
a hand-held nozzle
Term
Plants convert chemical energy into light energy which results in plant growth.
 Definition
0
Term
Wavelengths are measured in ________ with specific wavelengths corresponding to specific ________.
 Definition
nanometers; color
Term
Photoperiodism is a phytochrome-mediated response.
 Definition
1
Term
Modern ________ cultivars come in an astonishing variety of colors, color combinations and petal styles (spoon, quill and flat).
 Definition
chrysanthemum (daisy)
Term
Dahlias are native to the mountains of ________.
 Definition
Mexico
Term
Growth is best for Helianthus annus L. between _____ and _____ sun is always preferred.
 Definition
65 to 75 F; full
Term
________ is an example of a species that is commercially cultivated.
 Definition
Exacum affine
Term
When spores germinate, they form a small ________ leaf like structure known as the prothallus.
 Definition
green
Term
________ is any method of breaking through hard, water-impermeable seed coats to allow water to penetrate.
 Definition
Scarification
Term
Disadvantages to Pregermination are limited shelf life of ________, limited selection and limited cost.
 Definition
4 to 5 weeks
Term
Floral supply companies focus their inventories on hard goods and tools but primarily on fresh flowers and foliage.
 Definition
0
Term
________ were historically the first people to use flowers for decorative purposes.
 Definition
Egyptians
Term
The strewing of flowers and loose petals at banquets and festivals was typical of the ________ period.
 Definition
Greek and Roman
Term
The ________ period is considered the beginning of the flower arranging as it is known today.
 Definition
Italian Renaissance
Term
The point at which the plant is receiving as much light energy as it can use is the ________ point.
 Definition
light saturation
Term
The Euphorbia pulcherrima, a ________ day plant, is induced to flower by providing ________ nights and ________ days.
 Definition
short; long; short
Term
The floral industry is an international, multitrillion dollar industry.
 Definition
0
Term
The floral design of the ________ influence emphasizes careful and significant placement of every flower, branch or leaf.
 Definition
Japanese
Term
The Antirrhinum majus is also known as the ________.
 Definition
snapdragon
Term
Iron deficiency, identified by blackening or interval chlorosis of young leaves, is the primary problem for plants growing in a low pH medium.
 Definition
0
Term
Floriculture is defined literally as "________" but includes florist shops, flower retailers, wholesale florist, production greenhouses and floral supply companies.
 Definition
culture of flowers
Term
________ provides even faster seedling production than other hydration methods and results in 100% usable seedlings.
 Definition
Pregermination
Term
The ________ point is the light intensity at which the plant is receiving as much energy from the light during photosynthesis as it is during respiration.
 Definition
light compensation
Term
Although general plant growth usually requires light with all wavelengths ________ and ________ wavelengths result in the greatest plant growth response.
 Definition
red (700); blue (470)
Term
The Italian Renaissance was significant during the ________ centuries.
 Definition
15th and 16th
Term
The placement of three main flowers or branches signifies ________, ________ and ________.
 Definition
heaven; man; earth
Term
________ is similar to seed hydration except the process is allowed to progress further until the seed coat splits and the radical becomes visible.
 Definition
Pregermination
Term
________ is a technique used by seed suppliers to imbibe the seed and begin germination, but then stop the process before the radical (root) emerges.
 Definition
Seed hydration
Term
Stratification is the application of a moist chilling treatment of 32 to 50 F (0 to 10 C) to seeds.
 Definition
1
Term
The ________ fuzzy fungal growth of Botrytis often begins with injured or necrotic areas and then infects healthy tissue.
 Definition
gray
Term
Measuring light requires the use of _____ factor(s).
 Definition
3
Term
Light has _____ function(s) in plant growth.
 Definition
two
Term
Helianthus annus L. is the most commonly grown ________ species.
 Definition
sunflowers
Term
Dianthus caryophyllus is a native of the ________ area, originally flowering only in the early spring.
 Definition
Mediterranean
Term
Dahlias flower morphology is complex and flower size varies from larger than _____ to less than _____ in diameter.
 Definition
8.25 in.; 4 in.
Term
Plants grown under light high in ________ wavelengths will be short, dark green and well branched.
 Definition
red
Term
Sunflowers require low nutritional levels.
 Definition
0
Term
Many growers apply a shading compound or shade cloth from ________ to ________ to reduce heat stress that results from high light levels entering the greenhouse.
 Definition
late spring; early fall
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