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Flashcards for Chapter 8 in Chemistry
Flashcards for Chemistry Chapter 8 in Mrs. Jackson's class
54
Chemistry
10th Grade
12/06/2011

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Term
What is a covalent bond?
Definition
the sharing of electrons between atoms
Term
What is an endothermic reaction?
Definition
occurs when a greater energy is required to break the existing bonds in the reactants than is released when the new bonds form in the products
Term
What is an exothermic reaction?
Definition
occurs when more energy is released during the product bond formation than is required to break bonds in the reactants
Term
What is an oxyacid?
Definition
an acid that contains both a hydrogen atom and a polyatomic ion that contains oxygen
Term
What is resonance?
Definition
a condition when more than one valid electron dot structure can be written for a particular molecule
Term
What is a structural formula?
Definition
a molecular model that uses symbols and bonds to show relative positions of atoms; can be predicted for many molecules by drawing the Lewis structure
Term
What is hybridization?
Definition
a process in which atomic orbitals are mixed to form new identical hybrid orbitals
Term
What is the VSEPR model?
Definition
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion model, which is based on an arrangement that minimizes the repulsion of shared and unshared pairs of eletrons around the central atom
Term
Wht is a polar covalent bond?
Definition
a type of bond that forms when eletrons are not shared equally
Term
What is a diatomic molecule?
Definition
a molecule formed of 2 identical atoms bonded together
Term
List the 7 atoms that form diatomic molecules.
Definition
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Flourine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine
Term
What is a molecule?
Definition
formed when 2 or more atoms bond covalently
Term
What is a double bond?
Definition
a covalent bond in which four electrons are shared by the bonding atoms
Term
What is a triple bond?
Definition
a bond in which 2 atoms share 3 pairs of electrons
Term
What is bond energy?
Definition
the energy needed to break a bond
Term
What is bond length?
Definition
the distance between 2 nuclei when 2 atoms form a molecule to their lowest potential
Term
What is bond dissociation energy?
Definition
amount of energy required to break a specific covalent pond
Term
What is an acid?
Definition
a substance that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
Term
What are polyatomic ions?
Definition
ions composed ofseveral atoms joined with one over all charge
Term
What is a bond angle?
Definition
the angle between bonds connecting the atoms in a molecule
Term
What does VSEPR stand for?
Definition
valence shell electron pair repulsion
Term
What is the difference between a polar molecule and a nonpolar molecule?
Definition
a nonpolar molecule is symetrical and doesn't have a negative or positive end, while a polar molecule has a positive and a negative end
Term
What is the differnce between a polar covalent bond and a nonpolar covalent bond?
Definition
the polar covalent bond has 2 poles with opposite charges caused by the pair of shared electrons being pulled closer to one atom. A nonpolar bond has an equal pull on the pair of shared electrons
Term
What is the relationship of bond strength and the number of bonds?
Definition
as the number of bonds increases, the strength of the bond increases
Term
What is the relationship of bond length and the number of bonds?
Definition
The greater the number of bonds, the shorter the bond length
Term
What is the greek prefix for 1?
Definition
MONO
Term
What is the greek prefix for 2?
Definition
Di
Term
What is the greek prefix for 3?
Definition
tri
Term
What is the greek prefix for 4?
Definition
tetra
Term
What is the greek prefix for 5?
Definition
penta
Term
What is the greek prefix for 6?
Definition
hexa
Term
What is the greek prefix for 7?
Definition
hepta
Term
What is the greek prefix for 8?
Definition
octa
Term
What is the greek prefix for 9?
Definition
nona
Term
What is the greek prefix for 10?
Definition
deca
Term
How do you write a polyatomic ion in a Lewis Dot structure?
Definition
draw the bond, then put it in brackets, and then put the charge outside of the brackets
Term
What kind of bond has a big difference in electronegativity?
Definition
an ionic bond
Term
If there is an intermediate electronegativity, What type of bond is formed?
Definition
a polar covalent bond
Term
If there is no difference in electronegativity, what type of bond is formed?
Definition
a nonpolar covalent
Term
What are the steps in naming a molecular compound based on its formula?
Definition
Look at the formula, does the compound for an acidic aqueous solution? If yes it is an acid if no, name it like a normal compound. If yes is there oxygen present in the coupound. If no, you add hydro+the root of second element+ -ic, then acid. If the acid has oxygen, and the polyatomic ion encs with -ate, replace it with -ic. If it ends with -ite, replace it with -ous
Term
What molecular shape has 2 total pairs and shares 2 pairs?
Definition
linear
Term
What molecular shape has 3 total pairs and shares 3 pairs?
Definition
trigonal planar
Term
What molecular shape has 4 total pairs and shares 4 total pairs?
Definition
tetraheral
Term
What molecular shape has a total of 4 pairs, shares 3 pairs, and has one lone pair?
Definition
trigonal pyramidal
Term
What molecular shape has a total of 4 pairs, shares 2 pairs, and has 2 lone pairs?
Definition
bent
Term
What molecular shape has a total of 5 pairs and shares 5 pairs?
Definition
trigonal bipyramidal
Term
What molecular shape has a total of 6 pairs and shares 6 pairs?
Definition
octahedral
Term
What does a linear molecule look like?
Definition
[image]
Term
What does a trigonal planar molecule look like?
Definition
[image]
Term
What does a tetrahedral molecule look like?
Definition
[image]
Term
What does a trigonal pyramidal molecule look like?
Definition
[image]
Term
What does a bent molecule look like?
Definition

[image]

 

Yellow are lone pairs

Term
What does a trigonal bipyramidal molecule look like?
Definition
[image]
Term
What does an octrahedral molecule look like?
Definition
[image]
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