Term
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Definition
| the process of manipulating an organism in order to facilitate the production of products or even to create new products |
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Term
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Definition
| the creation of an exact genetic duplicate of a molecule, cell, or complete organism |
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Term
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Definition
| cloning that happens naturally by producing asexually or in humans when identical twins are born. |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism that man has helped or forced to clone |
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Term
| What is a method used for artificial cloning? |
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Definition
| the nucleus of one ovum cell is taken out using a needle, and the nucleus of another cell is placed into the empty ovum. this cell is then placed in a surrogate mother |
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Term
| What are the advances being made in human cloning? |
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Definition
| Human cloning is separated into two different categories-reproductive and therapeutic. Reproductive is so that a couple can have a baby while therapeutic is is used to produce cells for the treatment of disease |
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Term
| What are progresses being made in cloning in general? |
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Definition
| scientists are beginning to use cross-species cloning. This is where the eggs of one species are emptied of their nuclei, and inserting the nucleus from another species of animal that is the same as the parent |
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Term
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Definition
| undifferentiated cells-cells that can become any type of cell or tissue |
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Term
| What are the differences between somatic and embryonic stem cells? |
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Definition
| Somatic stem cells are from adult cells in the bone marrow that are not fully specialized while Embryonic stem cells come from an unborn fetus that is killed in the process |
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Term
| Why are stem cells important in research? |
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Definition
| because scientists are looking towards them for cures to diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and spinal cord injuries. This also would eliminate the chance of rejection of the cells/tissue because it is from the same person |
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Term
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Definition
| the technique to correct a defective gene that has been identified as the cause of a specific disease |
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Term
| What are some problems with gene therapy? |
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Definition
| Short duration, viral vector problems, immunity issues, multiple gene interactions |
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Term
| What is DNA fingerprinting? |
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Definition
| determing a persons DNA in order to compare it with other DNA or see what their genes are |
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Term
| How does DNA fingerprinting work? |
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Definition
| A DNA strand is cut using an enzyme that only cut at specific nucleotides, the cut pieces are dran thro a gel using electrical current, a photograph of the resulting distances travelled by DNA fragments thru gel leav ea distictive code which is the identification of a person's DNA |
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Term
| What are some practical uses of DNA fingerprinting? |
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Definition
| Diagnose inherited disorders, Identify criminals or prove innocence of a person, Identify lost or unidentified individuals, prove parency |
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Term
| What are some benefits of genetically modified plants? |
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Definition
| Genetically modified plants are pest resistant, Herbicide resistant |
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Term
| What are some problems/fears of genetically modified plants? |
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Definition
| Are they safe for humans, will pest build up resistance, could super plants that cannot be controlled be produced, who owns the plants, what is their affect on the environment and ecosystem, all GM plants must be approved by several government agencies |
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Term
| What is genetic engineering? |
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Definition
| splicing a desirable gene into a DNA molecule or deleting an undesirable one |
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Term
| What are some concerns with DNA fingerprinting? |
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Definition
| that insurance companies will begin to use it to determine insurability or companies hiring based on certain DNA traits |
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Term
| What is the Human Genome Project? |
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Definition
| scientific research group that identified all of the genes in human DNA |
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