Term
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Definition
| the complete set of chromosomes for the haploid number (n) |
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Term
| What is Genetic Screening? |
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Definition
| figuring out the probability of possible genetics of offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| cells that have 3 of each chromosome(they have 3 complete genomes) |
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Term
| Can humans or animals be triploid? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some advantages in triploid plants? |
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Definition
| they are taller, stronger, produce larger fruit, produce seedless fruit |
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Term
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Definition
| a cell that has 4 complete genomes (4 of each chromosome) |
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Term
| Where are tetraploid cells found in humans? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| having altered genomes-having either too many or too few chromosomes for normal genome |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the chromosome pairs lacks one chromosome |
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Term
| What is the equation for monosomy? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| one of the chromosome pairs has an extra chromosome |
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Term
| What is the equation for Trisomy? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| it is trisomy 21 (the 21 pair has an extra chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| the exchange of information between non-homologous chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| it is where a piece of the chromosome is broken off and just not present |
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Term
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Definition
| it is where a section of chromosome breaks off and reattaches upside down |
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Term
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Definition
| any change in the DNA of an organism |
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Term
| What is a lethal mutation? |
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Definition
| a mutation that causes the death of an organism, either before or after birth |
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Term
| What is the difference between a somatic mutation and a germ mutation? |
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Definition
| A somatic mutation has an effect on the cell and its daughter cells, but is not passed from the organism to its offspring. A Germ mutation will not affect the orgainism it happens in, but will affect the offspring |
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Term
| What is a spontaneous mutation? |
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Definition
| a mutation that happens naturally |
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Term
| What does a spontaneous mutation happen? |
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Definition
| a mistake is made in connecting nucleotides, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| anything that causes a mutation to occur. ex.-chemicals,gases,radiation,ultraviolet light |
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Term
| What is a genetic screen? |
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Definition
| an inborn mechanism that prevents severe genetic disorders from either surviving or reproducing |
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Term
| What is the term that is used when a gene is turned "on"? |
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Definition
| Gene expression-because that is the gene that is being expressed in that person |
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Term
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Definition
| the reproduction of mutated cells contained within confines of a tumor |
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Term
| What is a malignant cancer? |
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Definition
| cancer that is spread outside of a tumor and is no longer just in one type of cell |
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Term
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Definition
| any substance that increases the risk of cancer. ex.-smoking, radiation, certain chemicals |
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Term
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Definition
| all the alleles of a gene that an organism can possible obtain |
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Term
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Definition
| the group of individuals of the same species that live in the same general area |
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Term
| What is genetic variation? |
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Definition
| genotypic differences between individuals in the same gene pool |
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Term
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Definition
| selecting organisms with a desirable trait or traits and mating these individuals to each other |
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Term
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Definition
| crossbreeding of two genetically unrelated individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| also known as hybrid vigor, the hybrid offspring have characteristics superior to that of either parent |
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Term
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Definition
| mating of an organism with itself or a close relative |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms that are homzygous for certain traits |
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Term
| What is the Hardy-Weinberg Principle? |
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Definition
| the frequency of alleles and the ratio of heterozygous to homozygous individuals in given population will remain constant if the population is in genetic equilibrium |
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Term
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Definition
| obtaining pictures of an embryo |
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Term
| What is an amniocentesis? |
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Definition
| removing fluid surrounding embryo and observing karyotype of DNA |
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Term
| What is Chorionic villus sampling? |
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Definition
| taking sample cells from placenta and observing karyotype |
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Term
| What is artificial insemination? |
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Definition
| placing collected sperm into a female body |
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Term
| What is In vitro fertilization? |
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Definition
| removing ova from a female, fertilizing with a male sperm in a test tube, and inserting it back into the female's body |
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Term
| What iks a surrogate mother? |
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Definition
| a woman who nurtures and brings to birth from her womb a child for which she did not provide the ovum |
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Term
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Definition
| the science that deals with improvement of the human race by applying principles of genetics |
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