Term
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Definition
| anything that occupies space and hass mass |
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Term
| What are the three states of matter? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| it is the simplest form of a substance using ordinary chemical reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| the smallest particle of an element that can exist |
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Term
| What are the three types of atoms? |
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Definition
| Neutrons, Protons, and electrons |
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Term
| What are the two types of chemical bonds? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the result of the attraction between oppositely charged ions |
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Term
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Definition
| the result of two or more atoms sharing electrons |
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Term
| What is a substance that is made of 2 or more elements? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the smallest unit of a compound? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens in a chemical change? |
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Definition
| atoms of a substance bond with atoms or molecules of another substance to form a new substance |
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Term
| What happens in a physical change? |
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Definition
| the altering of the state or appearance of a substance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the differece between Kinetic energy and Potential energy. |
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Definition
| Kinetic is the energy of motion and potential is the energy that is stored in an object |
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Term
| What is the first law of thermodynamics? |
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Definition
| energy cannot be created or destroyed |
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Term
| What is the second law of thermodynamics? |
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Definition
| When energy is used, some of it is rendered useless and this leads to entropy |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of the unusable energy that escapes when energy is being converted frfom one form to another |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is determines the amount of movement that occurs in a molecule? |
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Definition
| the thermal energy/temperature |
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Term
| What chemical reactions either use or release energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between an endotheric reaction and an exothermic reaction? |
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Definition
| An endothermic reaction requires heat to happen while an exothermic reaction releases heat after it has happened |
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Term
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Definition
| substances that control the rate of a reaction, but are not used up or changed themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances |
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Term
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Definition
| the substance that is being dissolved |
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Term
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Definition
| the substance that is being dissolved |
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Term
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Definition
| the substance that does the dissolving of the solute |
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Term
| What substance is usually the solvent in biology? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the ratio of solute in a solvent |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration |
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Term
| When does diffusion stop? |
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Definition
| when equilibrium is reached |
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Term
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Definition
| the point at which both of the concentrations are in equality |
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Term
| What is the concentration gradient? |
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Definition
| the difference between the number of a particular molecule in two different solutions |
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Term
| What is a hypertonic solution? |
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Definition
| a solution that has a higher concentration of a certain molecule |
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Term
| What is a hypotonic solution? |
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Definition
| a solution that has a lower concentration of a certain molecule than the hypertonic solution has |
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Term
| What are permeable membranes? |
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Definition
| membranes that allow all molecules to pass through |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of only water through a semi-permeable membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| compounds that donate H+ ions when dissolved in water |
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Term
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Definition
| compounds that donate OH- ions when dissolved in water |
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Term
| What is the pH scale used for? |
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Definition
| to measure how acidic or basic(alkaline) a solution is |
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Term
| What is an organic compound? |
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Definition
| a compound that is based on the carbon atom and bond to each other readily |
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Term
| What are 4 basic types of organic compounds? |
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Definition
| Lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and Nucleic acids |
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Term
| What are 3 basic types of carbohydrates? |
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Definition
| monosacchrides, disacchrides, polysacchrides |
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Term
| What three things do all carbohydrates contain? |
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Definition
| carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
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Term
| How is a disacchride formed? |
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Definition
| two monosacchrides are joined together |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are four important types of polysacchrides? |
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Definition
| starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin |
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Term
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Definition
| the form that plants store their food |
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Term
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Definition
| animal starch temporarily stored in the liver |
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Term
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Definition
| molecules that provide strength for cell walls |
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Term
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Definition
| outer covering for some animals like crabs, insects, and plankton |
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Term
| What two important polysacchrides can humans not digest? |
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Definition
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Term
| What substance is slightly soluble in water but very soluble in alcohol and other organic solvents? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do animals store their excess energy as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of tail does a saturated fat have? Why is this important? |
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Definition
| straight; it lets the fatty acids fit together to form a solid fat at room temperature |
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Term
| What kind of tail does a unsaturated fat have? Why is this important? |
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Definition
| bent tail; this keeps the fatty acids from fitting together therefore forming a liquid fat like vegetable oil at room temperature |
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Term
| What are proteins used for? |
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Definition
| enzymes or structural building blocks |
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Term
| What are proteins made out of? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many different amino acids are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two things does an amino acid contain? |
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Definition
| a amino group and a carboxyl group |
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Term
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Definition
| a bond that links the carboxyl group of one amino acid to an amino group of another amino acid |
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Term
| What contain the instructions for making proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of Nucleic Acids? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three components of nucleotides? |
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Definition
| sugar, phosphate, and on of four bases |
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Term
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Definition
| Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, Thymine |
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Term
| What base bonds with cytosine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What base bonds with Adenine |
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Definition
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Term
| What is dehydration synthesis? |
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Definition
| it removes water from two amino acids to form a peptide bond |
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Term
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Definition
| process of putting water back into a peptide bond so that the amino acids separate |
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Term
| What are two main elements in lipids? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the origin difference between saturated fats and unsaturated ones. |
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Definition
Saturated-from animals
Unsaturated-from plants |
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Term
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Definition
| fats formed due to the hydrogenating of unsatruated fats |
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Term
| Why would you hydrogenate unsaturated fats? |
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Definition
| to form a solid at room temperature |
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Term
| What is an example of a trans fat that has been hydrogenated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do nucleic acids do in the synthesis of proteins? |
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Definition
| they determine the proteins characteristics, contain the info needed to manufacture proteins, guide the formation of proteins |
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Term
| What is the differnece in the structure of DNA and RNA |
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Definition
DNA-a double chain polymer of nucleotides
RNA-singes strand chain that contains sugar ribose and the base uracil |
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