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The top layer of the upper mantle is called the asthenosphere. |
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Body wave (seismology), a type of seismic waves |
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A craton (Greek kratos / κρἀτος (neut.) "strength") is an old and stable part of the continental crust |
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convection currents [image] |
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| The convection currents of the red liquid will be seen to rise and also fall, then eventually settle, illustrating the process as heat |
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deep-focus earthquake [image] |
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Definition
| A deep-focus earthquake is an earthquake that occurs at depths between 300 and 700 km beneath the Earth's surface. |
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| An earthquake (also known as a tremor or temblor) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. |
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| The epicenter or epicentre is the point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake |
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| Fault (geology), planar rock fractures which show evidence of relative movement; |
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| A deep-focus earthquake is an earthquake |
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| More than a hundred hotspots beneath the Earth's crust have been active during the past 10 million years |
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| In the Earth, the lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle which is joined to the crust across the mantle. |
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| Mantle convection is the slow creeping motion of Earth's rocky mantle in response to perpetual gravitationally unstable variations in its density. |
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| Fossil evidence for Pangaea includes the presence of similar and identical species on continents that are now great distances apart. |
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| P-waves can be produced by earthquakes and recorded by seismometers. |
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| Ridge-push is a proposed mechanism for plate motion in plate tectonics. Because mid-ocean ridges lie at a higher elevation than the rest of the ocean floor, |
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| A type of seismic wave, the S-wave, secondary wave, or shear wave (sometimes called an elastic S-wave) is one of the two main types |
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Definition
| Seismic waves are waves that travel through the Earth or other elastic body, for example as the result of an earthquake |
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shallow-focus earthquake [image] |
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Definition
| An earthquake whose focus is located within 70 kilometers of the earth's. |
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| Slab Pull. As a crustal plate moves further from an oceanic ridge, it cools and becomes increasingly dense. |
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| Ground Waves The ground wave is actually composed of two separate component waves. These are known as the SURFACE WAVE |
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| A terrane is not necessarily an independent microplate in origin, since it may not contain the full thickness of the lithosphere. |
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thin-skinned thrusting [image] |
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Definition
| However, at shallower levels, its displacement was accommodated by thin-skinned folding and thrusting in the Interandean Zone. |
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| A volcanic belt is a large volcanically active region. Other terms are used for smaller areas of activity, such as volcanic fields. |
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volcanic island arc [image] |
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Definition
| There are two types of volcanic arcs: oceanic arcs (commonly called island arcs, a type of archipelago) and continental arcs. |
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Term
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Definition
| A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface. |
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