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| Programs or policies that seek to rectify the effects of past discrimination by increasing representation and ensuring equal opportunity for any previously disadvantaged group (page 237) |
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| A pattern of relations between ethnic or racial groups in which the minority group is absorbed into the mainstream or dominant group, making society more homogenous (page 239) |
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| the process by which racial or ethnic groups are absorbed into the dominant group by adopting the dominant group's culture (page 242) |
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| Unequal treatment of individuals based on their membership in a social group; usually motivated by prejudice (page 228) |
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| Those elements of identity that are generated through others' perceptions of our physical traits (page 231) |
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| A socially defined category based on common language, religion, nationality, history, or another cultural factor (page 222) |
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| The deliberate and systematic extermination of a racial, ethnic, national, or cultural group (page 238) |
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| Individual discrimination |
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| Discrimination carried out by one person against another (page 228) |
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| Institutional discrimination |
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| Discrimination carried out systematically by institutions (political, economic, educational, and others) that affect all members of a group who come into contact with it (page 228) |
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| The economic and political domination and subjugation of the minority group by the controlling group within a nation (page 239) |
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| Members of a social group that is systematically denied the same access to power and resources available to society's dominant groups but who are not necessarily fewer in number than the dominant groups (page 226) |
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| Romantic, sexual, or marital relationships between people of different races (page 232) |
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| Presenting yourself as a member of a different racial or ethnic group than the one you were born into (page 231) |
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| A cultural pattern of intergroup relations that encourages racial and ethnic variation within a society (page 242) |
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| The forcible removal of a group of people from the territory they have occupied (page 239) |
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| An idea about the characteristics of a group that is applied to all members of that group and is unlikely to change regardless of the evidence against it (page 228) |
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| A socially defined category based on real or perceived biological differences between groups of people (page 222) |
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| The process by which racial minority groups are absorbed into the dominant group through intermarriage (page 241) |
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| A set of beliefs about the superiority of one racial or ethnic group; used to justify inequality and often rooted in the assumption that differences between groups are genetic (page 226) |
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| The formal and legal separation of groups by race or ethnicity (page 239) |
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| An ethnic identity that can be either displayed or concealed depending on its usefulness in a given situation (page 223) |
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| An ethnic identity that is only relevant on specific occasions and does not significantly impact everyday life (page 223) |
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| a socially defined category based on real or perceived biological differences |
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| a socially defined category based on common language, religion, nationality, history, or another cultural factor |
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| Negroid, Mongoloid, and Caucasoid (corresponding roughly to black, Asian, and white). believed that each race was characterized by its own biological makeup, separate and distinct from the others. |
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| an ethnic identity that is only relevant on specific occasions |
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| an ethnic identity that can be either displayed or concealed depending on its usefulness in a given situation |
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| is through situational ethnicity, when we deliberately assert our ethnicity in some situations while downplaying it in others. |
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| an ethnic identity that can be either displayed or concealed depending on its usefulness in a given situation |
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| displaced peoples who may have emigrated generations ago. |
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| or moving there permanently |
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| descendants of American, European, and Caribbean slaves |
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| members of a social group that is systematically denied the same access to power and resources available to society |
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| people who are recognized as belonging to a social category (here either a racial or an ethnic group) and who suffer from unequal treatment as a result . |
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| high rates of in-group marriage |
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| to persist, the unequal treatment that minority groups suffer must be supported by the dominant groups. |
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| an ideology or set of beliefs about the superiority of one racial or ethnic group over another, used to justify social arrangements between the dominant and minority groups. |
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| are often rooted in the assumption that differences between groups are innate, or biologically based. |
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| Prejudice and discrimination |
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| closely related to racism, the terms are often used interchangeably important distinctions Prejudice, literally a "prejudgment," is an inflexible attitude (usually negative, although it can work in the reverse) about a particular group of people and is rooted in generalizations or stereotypes. |
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| an idea about the characteristics of a group that is applied to all members of that group and is unlikely to change regardless of the evidence against it |
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| it's not just what you say, but how others receive it. |
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| Mormons, whose religious persecution in the East and Midwest between 1846 and 1869 drove 70,000 to cross the country |
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| declares that the role of government is to bring about "equal access for all Canadians in the economic, social, cultural, and political realms" |
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