Term
| Protein synthesis inhibitors |
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Definition
| Tetracyclins; aminoglycosides; macrolides/ketolides (erythromycin); chloramphenicol; clindamycin; quinopristin and dalfopristin; linezolid |
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Term
| Antibacterial drugs acting on 30S subunit of ribosome |
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Definition
| aminoglycosides and tetracyclins (AT 30 years old in CEL(c)L #50) |
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Term
| Antibacterial drugs acting on 50S subunit of ribosome |
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Definition
| chloramphenicol; erthyromycin (macrolides); linezolid; clindamycin (AT 30 years old in CEL(c)L #50) also: quinopristin and dalfopristin |
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Term
| PO (oral) bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors |
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Definition
| Chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erthyromycin (macrolides), tetracyclin (NOT: aminoglycosides - large and polar) |
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Term
| Bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors excreted through bile |
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Definition
| azithromycin, doxycyclin, erythromycin (LiverADE) |
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Term
| Bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors that interfere with hepatic CYP450 metabolism |
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Definition
Macrolides (NOT: telithromycin), chloramphenicol, fluoroquinolones
(Have a MCFlurry with your McLiver) |
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Term
| Antibacterial drugs contraindicated with pregnancy |
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Definition
| fluoroquinolones (cartilage damage); chloramphenicol (Gray Baby); aminoglycosides (ototoxicity); tetracclines (bone growth inhibition); sulfonamides (kernicterus) |
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Term
| Antibacterial drugs causing photosensitivity |
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Definition
| tetracyclins, sulfonamides and quinolones (QUeST for sun) |
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Term
| tetracyclin cidal/static, broad/narrow, mode of action, oral?, excretion (exception), resistance, tx, SE (3)? |
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Definition
| static; broad, at 30S: blocks A site/aminoacyl-tRNA attachment; PO; renal excretion (doxycyclin: bile), don't use if renal compromised px; resistance: active efflux, altered target (blocks tetracyclin binding site; tx: acne, rosacea (propionibacterium acnes), atypicals (mycoplasma pneumonia, chlamydia), rocky mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease, cholera; SE: 1) chelation (No milk, Ca, Mg etc - attaches to cations and can't be absorbed 2) Pregnancy Cat. D: stunted growth, permanent discoloration of teeth (also not for child < 8 or breastfeeding moms) 3)photosensitivity |
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Term
| Demeclocyclin category, side effect, off label indication |
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Definition
| tetracyclin; causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (disrupts ADH receptors); tx of SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate release of ADH), caused by some cancer tumors ilke small cell lung cancer |
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Term
| aminoglycosides cidal/static, broad/narrow (requirement), mode of action, oral?, excretion (exception), resistance, use with?, tx, SE (5)? |
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Definition
| cidal; aerobic gram - (require O2); at 30S: blocks association with 50S subunit, if binds after association, risrupts mRNA reading leading to toxic proteins and cell death; NOT PO (very big/polar; renal excretion; resistance: antibiotic altering/conjugating enzyme (acetyl-, nucleotidyl and phospho-transferases); synergy with beta lactan cell wall inhibitors (lets aminoglycosides in); tx: topical antibiotic (Neosporin): bacitracin (cel wall inhib.), neomycin, polymixin (cell wall more permeable); SE: amiNOglycosides 1)nephrotoxic 2) irreversible ototoxicity (cochlear and vestibular: can't perceive termination of movement) 3)paralysis (blocks NMJ, no ACh released like botulin toxin, bad for myasthenia gravis px 4) contat dermititis (neomycin only) 5) pregnancy Cat. D |
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Term
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Definition
| amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin, neomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin (GNNATS! A mean guy likes!) |
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Term
| macrolides/ketolides (erythromycin) cidal/static, broad/narrow, mode of action, oral?, excretion, resistance, tx, SE (3)? |
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Definition
| static; broad; at 50S: inhibits translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from A to P site; PO; renal excretion - don't use if renal compromised e.g. clarithromycin (except azithromycin and erythromycin: excreted in bile, don't use if liver dysfunction); resistance: antibiotic altering (methylation) except telithromycin; tx: outpatients (lower/upper respiratory tract infections: tissue penetration good/for intracellular pathogens) also least penetration E->C->A->T most; SE: 1) Motilin agonist = GI distress 2) reversible ototoxicity 3) Interferes with hepatic metabolism (esp. 2C9 increasing warfarin action...but not telithromycin) |
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Term
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Definition
| erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, telithromycin (macrolides ECAT: mad crows lie and Eat CATs). |
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Term
| chloramphenicol cidal/static, broad/narrow, mode of action, oral?, metabolism, resistance, tx, SE (5)? |
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Definition
| static; broad; at 50 S: inhibits peptididyl transferase and stops formation of peptide bonds (transpeptidation); PO/IV; metabolized extensively by liver (glucoronyl transferase -> makes water soluble, normally very lipid soluble and passes BBB); resistance: antibiotic altering (acetyl CoA transferase); tx: for life threatening infections like meningitis only (toxicity); SE: 1) interferes with hepatic CYP450 drug metabolism (esp. 2C9 -> increases warfarin action) 2) GI distress; 3) anemia (bone marrow toxicity) 4) Gray Baby Syndrome (because undeveloped glucoronyl transferase system -> high serum levels leading to respiratory and circulatory problems like hypothermia and cyanosis also: bbb crossed affecting CNS causing hypotonia "throw baby in pool with chlorine" 5) pregnancy cat. D and not for children |
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Term
| clindamycin cidal/static, broad/narrow, mode of action, oral?, tx, SE? |
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Definition
| static; anaerobic bacteria; at 50S: inhibits translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from A to P site; PO; tx: anaerobic bacteria (esp. bacteriolides fraglis); also for osteomyelitis; SE: pseudomembranous colitic caused by C. difficile (use metronidazole, vancoycin) |
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Term
| Quinupristin and dalfopristin mode of action; tx |
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Definition
| at 50S: blocks A site and aminoacyl-tRNA attachment; tx: VRSA, VRE (vancomycin resistant bacteria: staph/entercocci) |
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Term
| linezolid static/cidal, mode of action, tx |
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Definition
| static; at 50S: blocks association of 50S subunit with 30S subunit; tx: VRSA, VRE (vancomycin resistant bacteria: staph/entercocci) |
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Term
| Inhibitors of folic acid synthesis |
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Definition
| sulfonamides, trimethoprim |
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Term
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Definition
| needed for DNA, RNA and protein synthesis (purine, thymine production) |
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Term
| sulfonamides mode of action, side effects (7) |
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Definition
| inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase conversion of pteridine/PABA to dihydropteroic acid which becomes DHF (dihydrofolic acid)...enzyme exists in bacteria only; SE: 1) Steven Johnson syndrom/skin rash (sulfur groups increase hypersensitivity) 2) crystalluria 3) phototoxicity 4) kernicterus (displaces bilirubin from serum proteins 5) bleeding (displaces warfarin from serum proteins 6) hypoglycemia (displaces K+ channel blocker/diabetes drug tolbutamide from serum proteins 7) hemolytic anemia due to oxidative stress if px deficient in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase |
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Term
| trimethoprim mode of action, other drugs with same effect, side effect |
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Definition
| inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase conversion of DHF to THF (tetrahydrofolic acid)...in both humans and bacteria; can use pyrimethamine or methotrexate to interfere with DHF reductase for high metabolizers; SE: folate deficiency -> megaloblastic anemia (use supplement that auto converts to THF but can't enter bacteria) |
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Term
| co-trimoxazole drugs? use? Why co-administered? |
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Definition
| sulfonamide + trimethoprim (SMX + TMP); inhibitors of bacteria folate synthesis; 1) reduce resistance 2) synergistic effect |
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Term
| DNA gyrase inhibitors category, ending, cidal/static, broad/narrow, mode of action; resistance; side effects (6) |
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Definition
| fluoroquinolones, -floxacin; cidal; broad; interfere with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) which creates gram - negative supercoils during DNA replication and Topoisomerase IV which decatenates (separates replicated loops) by cutting, unwinding and re-ligating DNA ... "topple queen"; resistance: altered target (DNA), decreased accumulation (altered porin); SE: 1)chelation 2) NO: if pregnant (cartilage erosion) 3) tendon rupture 4) photosensitivity 5) NO: if arrthymias (QT longer) 6) interacts with hepatic drug metabolism |
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