Term
| atropine (D/L-hyoscyamine), acts for how long? |
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Definition
| muscarinic receptor blocker, 2 -3 days; tropicamide and phenylephrine preferred as mydriatics |
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Term
| tropicamide mode of action, effect |
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Definition
| shorter-acting cholinergeic antagonist (knocks out parasympathetic NS), mydriatic |
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Term
| phenylephrine mode of action, effect |
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Definition
| alpha adrenergic agonist/sympathomimetic; directly simulates iris dilator muscle - mydriatic |
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Term
| muscarinic receptor blocker uses, overdose effect? |
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Definition
| mydriasis, resuscitation (reduces PNS, takes break off heart), for secretions and bronchoconstriction (atropine - dries and opens airways), antidote for OP poisoning (use atropine - counters cholinergic SLUDGE: Salivation, lacrimation, urination, diaphoresis/hyperhidrosis, GI motility, emesis ALSO micropsia: see objects as smaller); overdose = Central Anticholinergic Syndrome (dry as a bone etc) |
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Term
| Glycopyrrolate, distribution |
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Definition
| muscarinic blocker w/o penetration of BBB/CNS (much weaker than atropine but no mad as a hatter), IV or oral (only 5% absorption) |
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Term
| -tropium mode of action, use, examples with half life |
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Definition
| Inhalative antimuscarinics (counters PNS brochoconstriction and secretion, for COPD/asthma, ex: Ipratropium and Oxitropium (short) and Tiotropium (long) |
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Term
| Darifenacin mode of action, use, advantage |
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Definition
| Selective M3 blocker (M3 receptor mediates detrusor contractility, also involved in bladder and gastrointestinal smooth muscle contraction, saliva production, iris sphincter function).; for urinary incontinence; advantage: won’t cause thirst |
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Term
| Oxybutinin mode of action, use, advantage |
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Definition
| Selective M3 blocker (but M3=M1), urinary incontinence; advantage: won't cause thirst |
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Term
| Tolterodine mode of action, use, interesting fact |
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Definition
| Non-selective muscarinic receptor blocker (uroselectivity not linked to one receptor sub-type; parotid effect down 8x), urinary incontinence |
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Term
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Definition
| Benadryl: 1st generation H1 blocker (sedation), alpha blocker, strong anticholinergic effect (muscarinic blocker) |
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Term
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Definition
| Methylated diphenhydramine: 1st generation H1 blocker, NMDA receptor antagonist, anticholinergic effect (2/3 of atropine, muscarinic blocker) |
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Term
| Benzatropine, mode of action, effect, use |
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Definition
| Atropine derivative, muscarinic blocker, counters ACh/dopamine imbalance due to reduced dopamine, for Parkinson disease |
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Term
| Biperiden, mode of action, use |
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Definition
| Tertiary amine and muscarinic blocker that reduces ACh, for Parkinson |
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Term
| Trihexyphenidyl, mode of action, use |
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Definition
| Tertiary amine and muscarinic blocker that reduces Ach, antiparkinson |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscarinic (metabotropic) receptor agonist with less central effect/BBB crossing than ACh |
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Term
| Pilocarpine mode of action, use |
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Definition
| Non-selective M3 agonist, for chornic open-angle and acute angle-closure glaucoma (increased aqueous outflow) |
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Term
| Cevimeline, mode of action, effect, use |
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Definition
| Selective M3 agonist, increased secretion of saliva and tears; for dry mouth and especially for chronic dry eyes/mouth from Sjogren's syndrome |
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