Term
|
Definition
Loop
Thiazide
Potassium sparing
carboanhydrase inhibitor
xathine derivatives |
|
|
Term
| Which category of diuretic has a "high ceiling?" A "low ceiling?" |
|
Definition
High = Loop
Low = Thiazide |
|
|
Term
| Loop and thiazides are derived from this substance. |
|
Definition
| sulfonamide/H2NSO4 (except ethacrynic acid) |
|
|
Term
| Loop diuretics end in this suffix. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loop diuretic (that doesn't end in -semide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Loop diuretic (non-sulfonamide) |
|
|
Term
| Describes steps of loop diuretic action |
|
Definition
1) secreted in proximal tubules through PSOASS - Probenecid sensitive organic acid secretory system
2)Into the ascending loop of Henle
3) Inhibits Na/2Cl/K co-transport |
|
|
Term
| Endogenous negative organic acid that is secreted by PSOASS |
|
Definition
| Uric acid (PSOASS is saturable and so uric acid and exogenous secreted acids compete - > gout) |
|
|
Term
| Loop diuretic effects: urine volume? Renal O2 consumption? CSF production? Smooth muscle? Broncho- and vaso- effect? Carbonic anhydrase? RPF/GFR |
|
Definition
Up: Urine volume
Down: CSF, Renal O2 consumption (stops active reabsorption. CA Inhibited. RPF/GFR unchanged
Smooth muscle relaxation, Brocho- and vasodilation. |
|
|
Term
Loop diuetic effects: plasma K, Mg, Ca, Cl, Uric acid, glucose, TG, HDL, acid
SE? |
|
Definition
Down: K (arrhythmias, flat T, U waves), Mg, Ca (tx for hypercalcemia), Cl and H+ (hypochloremic alkalosis -> hypokalemia) , HDL
Up: uric acid, glucose, TG
SE: Cochlear ototoxicity (tinnitus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
For glaucoma (high IOP/intraocular pressure), ICP (intracranial pressure) , pulmonary edema, ARF (acute renal failure)
More for emergencies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cardiac and renal insufficiency |
|
|
Term
| Chlorothiazide, Hydro-chlorothiazide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chlorthalidone and Indapamide |
|
Definition
| diuretics that act like thiazides but are not thiazides |
|
|
Term
| Describes steps of thiazide diuretic action |
|
Definition
1) secreted in early distal tubules through PSOASS - Probenecid sensitive organic acid secretory system
2) Inhibits Na/Cl co-transport |
|
|
Term
| Thiazide diuretic effects: urine volume? Carbonic anhydrase? RPF/GFR |
|
Definition
Up: urine volume (less than with loop diuretics)
Down: Urine volume in those with diabetes insipidus. Carbonic anhydrase (inhibited), RPF/GFR (don't use with ARF or as an IV) |
|
|
Term
Thiazide diuetic effects: plasma K, Mg, Ca, Cl, Uric acid, glucose, TG, HDL, acid
SE? |
|
Definition
Down: K (arrhythmias, flat T, U waves), Mg, Ca in urine, Cl and H+ (hypochloremic alkalosis -> hypokalemia) , HDL
Up: Ca (in plasma/conserves it), uric acid, glucose, TG |
|
|
Term
| Thiazine Diuretic oral uses |
|
Definition
| Cardiac insufficiency (reduce BP but low ceiling), edema, diabetes insipidus, urinary calculi composed of Ca salts. (COMBINE with K sparing diuretic to counter hypokalemia.) |
|
|
Term
| Aldosterone antagonists effect, mode of action |
|
Definition
| diuretic + potassium sparing thru less Na resorption; block aldosterone attachment to cytoplasmic receptors in collecting duct so no transporters synthesis. |
|
|
Term
| Spironolactone, Canrenone. Delivery method? t 1/2? SE? |
|
Definition
| Aldosterone antagonists: Spironolactone (oral only, 2 hr t1/2) Canrenone (IV, 17 hr t1/2); Steroidal side effects e.g. gynecomastia |
|
|
Term
| Cycloamidine derivatives effect, mode of action |
|
Definition
potassium sparing only;
1) secreted through Organic Cation Transporter into collecting duct
2) blocks Na channel and Na/H+ exchanger (mild increase in urine pH) |
|
|
Term
| Triamterene, Amiloride. Metabolism? t1/2? SE? |
|
Definition
| Cycloamidine derivatives, potassium sparing drugs, Only triamterene metabolized, Triamterene t1/2 = 4-6 hr, Amiloride 18-20 hr; Triamterene: decrease folic acid, Amiloride: increase plasma Ca, both: azotemia (increase nitrogen compounds) DO NOT COMBINE WITH other K sparing drugs (Aldosterone agonists, ACE inhibitors, supplements) |
|
|
Term
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: functional group, effect, mode of action |
|
Definition
SO2NH2, pH in blood goes down, pH and K in urine (and urine volume/diuretic) go up, soda loses taste.
1)secreted into early proximal tubule through OAT
2)inhibition of CA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for glaucoma (increased IOP), maintains respiratory drive (prevents mountain sickness-> hyperventilation, increased blood pH), sequential nephron blockade (of Na resorption) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carbo-anhydrase inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| Xanthine derivatives: mode of action, effect |
|
Definition
| adenosine receptor blocker (dilates efferent arteriole, raises RPF/GFR and thus water filtration (diuretic) |
|
|
Term
| Caffeine, theophylline, theobromine |
|
Definition
| xanthines (adenosine-1 receptor blockers) |
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