Term
| Osmoregulation problem: fish have diff ionic concentrations than their environment |
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Definition
| water is great solvent, aquatic environments very in their compsition of ionized salts, alkalinity, and disolved organic compounds |
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Term
| Osmoregulation problem: osmotic movement of ions in water will occur: Freshwater |
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Definition
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Term
| Osmoregulation problem: osmotic movement of ions in water will occur: Marine |
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Definition
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Term
| Osmoregulation problem: osmotic movement of ions in water will occur: special cases marine fish |
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Definition
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Term
| Osmoregulation problem: highly permeable membranes |
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Definition
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Term
| Osmoregulation problem: physiological processes can become impared |
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Definition
| when internal ionic concentrations change far from norm |
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Term
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Definition
| most fish; regular internal ionic concentrations to fairly constant level (california killifish) |
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Term
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Definition
| hagfish; internal ion concentration mimics environment; hagfish restricted to marine habitats |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| resorption of ions from filtrate; resorption of water from filtrate; secretion of larger waste products into filtrate from blood; transport passive(downgradient) and active(against gradient, need energy) |
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Term
| Kidney: functions in excretion and ion exchange |
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Definition
| remove waste products and play role in osmoregulation |
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Term
| Marine bony fish osmoregulation: hypoosmotic |
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Definition
| fish is hypoosmotic, environment is hyperosmotic. total ion concentration <1/2 that of h2o |
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Term
| Marine bony fish osmoregulation: lose water |
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Definition
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Term
| Marine bony fish osmoregulation: drink water |
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Definition
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Term
| Marine bony fish osmoregulation: salts absorbed |
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Definition
| in esophogus and gut; system couples water uptake to salt uptake |
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Term
| Marine bony fish osmoregulation: at gills |
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Definition
| active secretion of monovalent ions (sodium, chloride): alpha chloride cells |
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Term
| Marine bony fish osmoregulation: at kidneys: secretion |
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Definition
| bigger ions(divalents:calcium,magnesium) |
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Term
| Marine bony fish osmoregulation: at kidneys: aglomerular kidney |
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Definition
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Term
| Marine bony fish osmoregulation: at kidneys: urine |
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Definition
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Term
| Freshwater teleosts osmoregulation: hyperosmotic |
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Definition
| fish is hyperosmotic, environment is hypoosmotic. total ion concentration >100x that of ambient |
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Term
| Freshwater teleosts osmoregulation: permeable membranes |
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Definition
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Term
| Freshwater teleosts osmoregulation: at kidneys |
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Definition
| excrete dilute urine; kidney has more flomeruli and is bigger than marine; some ion uptake in tubules |
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Term
| Freshwater teleosts osmoregulation: at gills |
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Definition
| beta chloride cells function in uptake of sodium chloride |
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Term
| marine cartilaginous fishes osmoregulation: marine environment: isosmotic or a bit hyoerosmotic |
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Definition
| inorganic salt concentration lower than seawater, higher than marine bony fish |
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Term
| marine cartilaginous fishes osmoregulation: marine environment: high levels organic salts |
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Definition
| urea and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO)-ureaosmotic strategy (detoxifies urea) |
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Term
| marine cartilaginous fishes osmoregulation: marine environment: at gills |
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Definition
| inorganic salts come into body, downgradient |
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Term
| marine cartilaginous fishes osmoregulation: marine environment: at kidney |
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Definition
| urea filtered at glomeruli; recovered from tubules; lots filtration and urine production bc taking up water |
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Term
| marine cartilaginous fishes osmoregulation: marine environment: rectal gland |
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Definition
| organ with chloride cells for excreting monovalent ions |
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Term
| marine cartilaginous fishes osmoregulation: marine environment: less costly |
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Definition
| than marine teleost approach of salt excretion |
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Term
| marine cartilaginous fishes osmoregulation: freshwater environment: very few chondrichthyes can occupy freshwater |
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Definition
| bullsharks, rarely permanent; freshwater stingrays-permanent |
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Term
| marine cartilaginous fishes osmoregulation: freshwater environment: freshwater chondrichtheys perform more like FW teleosts in osmoregulation |
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Definition
| reduce internal osmotic pressure |
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Term
| marine cartilaginous fishes osmoregulation: freshwater environment: freshwater chondrichtheys osmotic pressure reduction accomplished by: |
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Definition
| decreased urea production and retention; extrene nh4+ instead of urea; retain lower concentrations of na+ and cl- |
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Term
| Lamprey osmoregulation: stricly freshwater or anadromous: in freshwater: |
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Definition
| perform as FW bonyfish(hyperosmotic); high volume of urine flow; beta chloride cells in gill epitherlium to import na+ and cl- |
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Term
| Lamprey osmoregulation: stricly freshwater or anadromous: in salt water: |
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Definition
| perform as SW adapted bony fishes (hyposmotic); gain water by drinking and feeding; no urine flow; alpha chloride cells pump na+ and cl- OUT of body fluids at gill apithelium |
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Term
| Hagfish osmoregulation: isosmotic to saltwater environment |
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Definition
| no influx or efflux or water |
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Term
| Hagfish osmoregulation: isosmotic to saltwater environment: isosmosis accomplished by |
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Definition
| mirroring mineral concentration of environment (match sea water na+ cl- etc) |
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Term
| Hagfish osmoregulation: isosmotic to saltwater environment: limited ability to |
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Definition
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Term
| Hagfish osmoregulation: isosmotic to saltwater environment:perform as osmoconformers instead of osmoregulators |
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Definition
| stenohaline and restricted to seawater |
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Term
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Definition
| changing of habitats (fw-marine) at diff points in life cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| lives in marine habitat and returns to fw to reproduce (salmon) |
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Term
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Definition
| lives in fw habitat and returns to marine to reproduce (eel) |
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Term
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Definition
| tolerate narrow range of salinities in external environtment-marine or fw ranges |
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Term
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Definition
| tolerate wide range of salinities in external environment-fresh to saline |
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Term
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Definition
| Isotonic solution-no net change |
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Term
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Definition
| hypotonic solution- net gain |
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Term
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Definition
| hypertonic solution- net loss |
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Term
| Alpha chloride cell of marine teleost |
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Definition
| Na pumped out of cell, active transport; Cl moved into cell carrier system; Na and Cl passively leave gills to water |
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Term
| Beta chloride cell of fw teleost |
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Definition
| na pumped into cell active transport; cl moved out of cell carrier system; na and cl stay in gills |
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