Term
| Water is dense, viscous and incompressible making the following design of fish true: |
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Definition
| aqeuous species not designed for support, no need. movement through water takes a lot of energy, so theyre designed for efficiency of propulsion. |
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Term
| Forces involved in fish swimming: Gravity |
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Definition
| partially counterbalanced by density of water |
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Term
| Forces involved in fish swimming: Lift |
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Definition
| upward force counteracts gravity |
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Term
| Forces involved in fish swimming: Thrust |
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Definition
| force that propels fish forward |
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Term
| Forces involved in fish swimming: Drag |
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Definition
| friction generated by moving object through water |
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Term
| Features in fish that reduce drag |
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Definition
| fusiform body shape; reduction of body wave amplitude, reduction of fin surface area, caucal fin(forked, lunate) and paired/medial fins, boundary layer modifications(mucous and microprojections/scales) |
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Term
| These muscles are formed into W-shapes |
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Definition
| myomeres and myotomes; one myomere per segment |
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Term
| Myomeres and myotones are separated by fibers of collagen called |
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Definition
| myosepta- made of collagen, multiple horizontal septa(separates blocks of exaxial and hypaxial muscle); single median septum; attach muscles to backbone and skin |
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Term
| Red muscle fibers used for what type of metabolism |
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Definition
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Term
| White muscle fibers used for what type of metabolism |
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Definition
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Term
| Pink muscle fibers indicate |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of swimming associated with red muscle fibers |
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Definition
| cruise swimming, sustained for atleast hrs |
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Term
| Type of swimming associated with white muscle fibers |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| in successive myomeres form spiral tracks |
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Term
| Generation of thrust: Undulation |
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Definition
| muscles contract locally on one side -> body flexes on that side -> more posterior myomeres contract -> wave of flexion passes down body -> push on water along body, and medial fins |
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Term
| Generation of thrust: Forces |
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Definition
| part of push on water translates to thrust -> some will be slippage or lift -> wave speed: faster than is moving through water -> wave amplitude: widens head to tail |
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Term
| Swimming Mode: BCL Propulsion: Anguilliform |
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Definition
| 1 or more wave in body; thrust at medial fins; tail not needed; some benthic, some pelagic and swim constantly; slow, lots of drag at flexes |
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Term
| Swimming Mode: BCL Propulsion: Subcarangiform, carangiform, thunniform |
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Definition
| 0.5 wave and less in body; thrust is more posterior, tail is more important; faster swimming possible, more streamlining |
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Term
| Swimming Mode: BCL Propulsion: Ostraciform |
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Definition
| only caudal fin oscillates; slow sculling motion |
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Term
| Swimming Mode: BCF Propulsion: Primarily used for maneuvering |
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Definition
| diodontiform; balistiform; tetradontiform; rajiform; amiiform; gymnotiform; labriform |
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Term
| Why dont all fish have ideal body design? |
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Definition
Highly inefficient:
in naturally turbulent water;
for acceleration from stationary position;
for turning;
for moving slowly;
esp. for lying still |
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Term
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Definition
| torpedo-shaped body; narrow caudal peduncle; lunate, rigid fins |
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Term
| This type of drag occurs infront of fish |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of drag occurs on top/over fish towards posterior |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of drag occurs behind fish |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of flow closely follows an expanding outline and tends to separate as the outline narrows |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of flow follows expanding outline less closely but separates further back, causing less overall drag |
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Definition
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Term
| This shaped caudal fin reduces tendency for moving fluid to separate from body, further reducing drag |
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Definition
| tapering trailing end into tear-drop shape |
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Term
| This shaped caudal fin puts most of the fin outside turbulent wake. tapering to points allows fin to spill its own turbulence as minimum vortices |
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Definition
| crescent-shaped caudal fin |
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Term
| In this type of propulsion, median and paired fins propel(MPF), motion is undulatory fins and resistance based |
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Definition
| gymnotiform; amiiform; balistiform; diodontiform; rajiform |
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Term
| In this type of propulsion, median and paired fins propel(MPF), movement oscillatory fins and resistence based |
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Definition
| labriform; tetraodontiform |
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Term
| In this type of propulsion, median and paired fins propel(MPF), movement oscillatory fins and lift-based |
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Definition
| emblotociform; molaform; mobliform |
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Term
| In this type of propulsion, body and caudal fins propel(BCF), movement undulatory body and tail and resistance based with burst-swimming fast-starts |
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Definition
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Term
| In this type of propulsion, body and caudal fins propel(BCF), movement undulatory body and tail and resistence based with sustained-swimming |
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Definition
| subcarangiform; anguilliform; carcharhiniform; carangiform |
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Term
| In this type of propulsion, body and caudal fins propel(BCF), movement oscillatory tail and lift-based |
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Definition
| ostraciform; thunniform; carangiform |
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