Term
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Definition
-Jawed vertebrates
-Paired fins |
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Term
| Class Chondrichthimorphi (Chondrichthyes) |
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Definition
-Cartilaginous Fishes
-Cartilaginous skeleton (calcified, not ossified)
-Placoid scales |
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Term
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Definition
-Sharks, skates, rays
-Protrusible upper jaw
-Calcification of centra |
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Term
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Definition
-Blade-like teeth
-Large, pelagic predators |
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Term
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Definition
-Horn Sharks
-Molar-like crushing teeth
-Egg case auger-shaped |
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Term
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Definition
-Nurse Sharks/Whale Sharks
-Nasal barbells
-Two dorsal fins w/o spines
-Small mouth forward of eyes |
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Term
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Definition
-Mackerel/Mako/White Sharks
-Anal fin present
-Uterine cannibalism
-Mouth subterminal with jaws extending well behind eyes |
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Term
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Definition
-Requiem Sharks(blacktip, whitetip, reef, bull)/tiger sharks/basking sharks
-True nictitating lower eyelid
-Yolk-sac placenta |
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Term
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Definition
-Angel Sharks
-Enlarged pelvic fins
-Pectoral fins continuous with sides of head |
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Term
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Definition
-Dogfish Sharks
-Two dorsal fins with spine along leading edge
-No anal fin |
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Term
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Definition
-Six&Seven Gill Sharks
-Anal fin and single dorsal fin
-Six or seven gill slits |
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Term
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Definition
-Saw Sharks
-Pair long barbells infront of nostrils
-Gills showing
-Blade-like snout edged with slender needle-sharp teeth |
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Term
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Definition
-Alligator Dogfish
-Very spiney |
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Term
| Superorder Rajimorphi (Batoidea) |
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Definition
-Skates and rays
-Enlarged pectoral fins
-Ventral gill slits
-Pavement Teeth |
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Term
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Definition
-Skates
-Pointed snout
-Well developed caudal fin
-Thorn-like denticles (bucklers) on skin |
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Term
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Definition
-Electric rays
-Naked body
-Branchial muscles converted into electric organs |
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Term
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Definition
-Stingrays
-Rhomboid, oval or triangular pectoral disc
-One or more saw-edged spines on dorsal surface of tail |
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Term
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Definition
-Saw fishes
-Gills not shown
-Rostrum elongated into saw-like structure
-Weakly embedded teeth alternating between long and short |
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Term
| Subclass Euchondrocephali (Holocephali) |
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Definition
-Chimeara
-Palatoquadrate fused to neurocranium (autostyly)
-Males with claspers on head (tenaculum) |
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Term
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Definition
-Ratfishes
-1 gill cover (operculum), 4 openings
-No spiracle or cloaca, 4 body claspers |
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Term
| Subclass Coelocantimorpha |
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Definition
-Coelocanths
-Head flexible at atlas (intracranial joint)
-Skeleton mixed bone and cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
-Lungfishes
-Solid braincase
-No premaxilla or maxilla |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Ray-finned fishes
-Fins with lepidotrichia
-Fins supported by internal girdles |
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Term
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Definition
-Cartilaginous bony fishes
-Branchiostegal rays
-Pleural ribs |
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Term
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Definition
-Sturgeons and paddlefish
-Heterocercal tail
-Spiral valve |
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Term
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Definition
-Five rows of bony scutes
-Four barbells anterior and inferior |
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Term
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Definition
-Paddlefish
-Paddle snout is ampullary organ
-Gill rakers long and numerous |
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Term
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Definition
-Birchirs
-Dorsal fin made of finlets
-Lobed pectoral fins but different than others |
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Term
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Definition
-Consolidation of pharyngeal jaws
-Lower number of endoskeletal fin supports |
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Term
| Order Semionotiformes Family Lepisosteidae |
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Definition
-Gars
-Vascularized swim bladder
-Vertrbrae opisthocoelous (anterior end convex, posterior end concave) |
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Term
Order Amiiformes
Family Amiidae |
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Definition
-Bowfins
-Swimbladder can act as lung
-No pyloric caeca
-Large gular plate |
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Term
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Definition
-End bony fishes
-Externally symmetrical tail supported by uroneural and hypurals with one centrum
-Mobile premaxilla |
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Term
| Subdivision Osteoglossomorpha |
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Definition
-Mooneyes, arawanas, elephantfishes, knifefishes
-Teeth on tongue (bony tongue)
-Left hand curve to intestines |
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Term
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Definition
-Tarpons, bonefishes, eels
-Leptocephalus larva |
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Term
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Definition
-Abdominal pelvic fins
-Wide gill openings |
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Term
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Definition
-No pelvic fins or girdles
-Premaxilla, vomer and ethmoid fused into single bone |
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Term
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Definition
-Herrings and Anchovies
-Otophysic: diverticulum of swim bladder to inner ear
-Silvery scales |
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Term
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Definition
-Minnows, characins, catfishes
-Weibarian apparatus
-Schreckstoffe (fear scent)
-Two chambered swim bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| -Minnows, suckers, loaches |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Electric knifefishes
-eel-like body with no pelvic fins or girdles absent
-Anus under head or pectoral fin bases |
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Term
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Definition
-Anal fin extending to tip of body
-Electrical organs
-Small scales |
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Term
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Definition
-Scales absent
-Large electric organs |
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Term
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Definition
-Axillary process
-Lots of pyloric caecae
Order Esociformes
-No adipose fin
-Maxilla without teeth |
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Term
| Superorder Paracanthopterygii |
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Definition
-Flattened head
- Lack of spiney ornamentation on head and opercular bones |
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Term
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Definition
Pelvic fins insert below or in front of pectoral fin bases(thoracic or jugular)
-No true fin spines |
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Term
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Definition
-Angler fish
-First spine of dorsal fin on head transformed into illicium and esca
-Pelvic fins jugular with spine and rays |
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Term
| Superorder Acanthopterygii |
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Definition
-Perches, basses, tun
-Fin spines
- Pectoral fins lateral |
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Term
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Definition
Mullet, -
Separated spiny and soft dorsal fins
Lack lateral line |
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Term
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Definition
| -Silversides, needlefish, killifish, flyingfish |
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Term
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Definition
-Silversides;
-First dorsal with slender spines, anal fin preceded by spine
-Lateral line poorly developed or absent |
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Term
| Superfamily Atherinopsidae |
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Definition
-No lateral line
-Broad silvery lateral stripe |
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Term
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Definition
Flyingfish, needlefish
-dorsal and anal fins posteriorly placed
-Lateral line on ventral margin of body
Open nasal pit |
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Term
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Definition
-upper and lower jaws elongated
-Needle-like teeth |
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Term
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Definition
-Flying fish
-Jaws short
-Very large pectoral fins |
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Term
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Definition
-Half-beaks
-Upper jaw short
-Lower jaw elongated |
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Term
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Definition
-Killifish, livebearers, pupfishes
-Fin spines absent
-Lateral line restricted to head |
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Term
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Definition
| Pelvic girdle attached to cleithra or skull |
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Term
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Definition
-sticklebacks, pipefish, seahorse
-Pelvic girdle never directly attached to cleithra
-Dermal plates |
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Term
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Definition
-Rockfish, lumpfish, stonefish
-“Mail-cheeked” fins
-Spiney heads and bodies
-Suborbital stay(spine arrangement below eyes) |
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Term
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Definition
-Flatfish
-dorso-ventrally compressed
-no swimbladder |
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Term
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Definition
-Pufferfish, Molas, boxfish
-restricted gill opening
-premax fused to max (beak |
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Term
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Definition
-Largest order of verts
-Fin spines well developed
-Ctenoid scales
-Physoclistous gas bladder |
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