Term
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Definition
| consists of repeated mitotic divisions of zygote, resulting in rapid increase in number of cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| 30 hrs. after fertilization. After 9-cell stage blastomeres change shape and tightly align themselves against each other to form compact ball. then forms internal(embroblast) of blastocyst. |
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Term
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Definition
| 12 blastomeres form morula |
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Term
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Definition
| shortly after morula a fluid-filled space called blastocyst cavity and outer cell layer called trophoblast give rise to embryonic part of placenta. |
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Term
| Trophoblast at implantation |
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Definition
| At implantation the trophoblast starts to proliferate rapidly and differentiates into two layers: cytotrophoblast, and the syncytiotrophoblast |
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Term
| Zona Pellucida Degeneration |
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Definition
| occurs 4 days after conception and must do so for implantation to occur |
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Term
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Definition
| 7 days after implantation, this layer of cells appears on the surface of inner cell mass facing the blastocyst cavity. Future Endoderm |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cytotrophoblast (inner layer), Syncytiotrophoblast (outer layer) |
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Term
| Pre-Testicular Causes of Infertility |
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Definition
| Isolated gonadotropin deficiency(Kallmann's syndrome), pituiatry insufficiency(tumors, infiltrative processes, operation, radiation), hyperprolactinemia, hemochromatosis, exogenous hormones |
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Term
| Testicular Causes of Infertility |
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Definition
| chromosomal abnormalities(Klinefelter's syndrome, XXY syndrome), myotonic dystrophy, sertolil-cell-only syndrome(germinal cell aplasia), gonadotoxins(drugs, radiation), orchitis, trauma-systemic disease(renal failure), defective androgen synthesis or action, cryptorchidism-varicocele. |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic condition can affect heart, growth, blood clotting, mental and physical development=> behavior problems, learning difficulties. most common condition associated with congenital heart abnormality. |
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Term
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Definition
| one or both of testes is missing from scrotum. Failure of testis to descend during fetal development from abdominal position, thorugh inguinal canal, to ipsilateral scrotum. |
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Term
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Definition
| uterine tubes are site of tubal ectopic pregnancies. |
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Term
| Signs and Symptoms of Ectopic Pregnancy |
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Definition
| missed periods, breast tenderness, nausea, vomitting, frequent urination, vaginal spotting or bleeding, dizziness or fainting, low blood pressure(both caused by blood loss), lower back pain. |
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Term
| Cause of Ectopic Pregnancy |
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Definition
| infection or inflammation of uterine tube may partially or entirely block it. PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease). |
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Term
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease |
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Definition
| chlamydia if left untreated, can lead to Pelvic Inflammatory disease, an infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and other reproductive organs. |
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Term
| Symptoms of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease |
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Definition
| pelvic discomfort and vaginal discharge to incompacitating abdominal pain nausea and vomiting. Fever |
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Term
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Treatment |
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Definition
| Doxycycline 100mg orally or IV every 12 hours. 14 days. |
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Term
| Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosis |
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Definition
| blood test measures hCG, produced by placenta. hCG appears in blood 10 days after conception, doubles every 2 days for first 10 weeks. |
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Term
| High Risk of Ectopic Pregnancy |
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Definition
| women between 35 and 44, PID, previous ectopic pregnancy, surgery on fallopian tube, infertility problems or medication to stimulate ovulation. |
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Term
| Ectopic Pregnancy Treatment |
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Definition
| methotrexate, laparoscopy |
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Term
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Definition
| normal, and common symptom of painful ovulation or mid-cycle pain which affects 20% of women. rarely serious |
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Term
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Definition
| Not sure but follicle growth stretches surface of ovary, causing pain. Also might be fluid released from follicle irritates lining of abdomen. |
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Term
| Mittleschmerz signs and symptoms |
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Definition
| one-sided abdominal pain. pain occurs on side ovulating. few minutes to few hours, sharp or dull. rarely sever pain. may be associated with some vaginal bleeding caused by rapid drop in estrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| pain reliever, acetaminophen (tylenol, others), aspirin, ibuprofen (advil, motrin, others) or naproxen (aleve). |
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Term
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Definition
| menstrual cycle in which ovulation fails to occur. caused by eating disorder, hpothalamic dysfunction, hyperprolactinemia, polycystic ovary syndrome, luteal phase defects, tumors of pituitary gland, adrenal gland or ovaries, resistant ovary syndrome, automimmune oophoritis, steroidal oral contraceptives |
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Term
| Anovulatroy cycle diagnostic tests |
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Definition
| serum assays, LH, FSH, progesterone, prolactin, testosterone and SHBG, CT scan or MRI scan of pituitary and hypothalamus, ovarian biopsy, |
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Term
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Definition
| method of assisted reproduction. Sperm & egg combined in lab dish for fertilizatioon. embryo then transferred to woman's uterus to implant and develop. usually 2-4 placed in at a time. each attempt called a cycle. |
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Term
| Miscarriage or sponataneous abortion |
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Definition
| natural or accidental termination of a pregnancy where embryo or fetus is incapable of surviving. |
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Term
| Miscarriage/spontaneous abortion symptoms |
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Definition
| is inevitable with following symptoms: obious rupture of membranes, tissue in cervix, absence of fetal heart at a BHCG level consisten with fetal heart activity. |
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Term
| Miscarriage/Spontaneous Abortion Cause |
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Definition
| abnormal sperm/ovum or combination. physical trauma, exposure to chemicals, infectin, obesity, high caffeine intake >300mg/day, alcohol consumption, use of NSAIDs. |
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Term
| Miscarriage/Spontaneous Abortion Treatment |
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Definition
| dilation and curettage is commonly used and generally fastest way to remuve tissue from the uterus. |
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