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| a colonist who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years |
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| English colonist to the Americas who helped found Jamestown Colony and encouraged settlers to work harder and build better housing. |
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| a person who moves to another country after leaving his or her homeland [image] |
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| a document written by the Pilgrims establishing themselves as a political society and setting guidelines for self-government [image] |
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| Quaker leader who founded a colony for Quakers in Pennsylvania; the colony provided an important example of representative self-government and became a model of freedom and tolerance. |
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| Director general of the Dutch New Netherland colony, he was forced to surrender New Netherland to the English. |
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| a crop that is continuously in demand |
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| the slave journey to america |
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| an incident in which British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists, killing five people [image] |
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| a law passed by Parliament allowing the British East India Company to sell its low-cost tea directly to the colonies, undermining colonial tea merchants; led to the Boston Tea Party [image] |
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| laws passed by Parliament to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party and to tighten government control of the colonies [image] |
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| a law passed by Parliament that raised tax money by requiring colonists to pay for an official stamp whenever they bought paper items such as newspapers, licenses, and legal documents [image] |
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| first continental congress |
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| a meeting of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to decide how to respond to the closing of Boston Harbor, increased taxes, and abuses of authority by the British government; delegates petitioned King George III, listing the freedoms they believed colonists should enjoy [image] |
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| American colonists who fought for independence from Great Britain during the Revolutionary War [image] |
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| colonists who sided with Britain in the American Revolution |
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| second continental congress |
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| a meeting of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to decide how to react to fighting at Lexington and Concord |
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| a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that criticized monarchies and convinced many American colonists of the need to break away from Britain [image] |
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| Revolutionary War hero and Patriot leader, he served as a representative to the Continental Congresses, commanded the Continental Army, and was unanimously elected to two terms as president of the United States. |
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| American political philosopher and author, he urged an immediate declaration of independence from England in his anonymously and simply written pamphlet, Common Sense. |
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| American statesman, and member of two Continental Congresses, chairman of the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence, the Declaration’s main author and one of its signers, and the third president of the United States. |
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| American naval officer famed for bravery, his most famous victory was the defeat of the British warship Serapis, during which he declared, “I have not yet begun to fight!” |
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| a peace agreement that officially ended the Revolutionary War and established British recognition of the independence of the United States [image] |
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| British soldiers who fought against the colonists in the American Revolution; so called because of their bright red uniforms [image] |
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| American colonial militia members ready to fight at a minute's notice [image] |
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| a charter of liberties agreed to by King John of England, it made the king obey the same laws as citizens |
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| an official approval [image] |
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| articles of confederation |
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| the document that created the first central government for the United States; was replaced by the Constitution in 1789 |
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| legislation passed by Congress authorizing surveys and the division of public lands in the western region of the country [image] |
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| northwest ordinance of 1787 |
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| legislation passed by Congress to establish a political structure for the Northwest Territory and create a system for the admission of new states [image] |
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| a tax on imports or exports |
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| a steep drop in economic activity combined with rising unemployment [image] |
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| increased prices for goods and services combined with the reduced value of money [image] |
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| Revolutionary War officer who led Shays’s Rebellion, an uprising of farmers in western Massachusetts that shut down the courts so that farmers would not lose their farms for tax debts. He was defeated and condemned to death, but pardoned. |
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| American statesman, he was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, the fourth president of the United States, the author of some of the Federalist Papers, and is called the father of the Constitution for his proposals at the Constitutional Convention. He led the United States through the War of 1812. |
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| an agreement worked out at the Constitutional Convention stating that enslaved people would be counted as three-fifths of a person when determining a state’s population for representation in the lower house of Congress [image] |
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| U.S. system of government in which power is distributed between a central government and individual states [image] |
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| the division of the government that proposes bills and passes them into laws [image] |
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| the division of the federal government that is made up of the national courts; interprets laws, punishes criminals, and settles disputes between states [image] |
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| the division of the federal government that includes the president and the administrative departments; enforces the nation’s laws [image] |
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| a system established by the Constitution that prevents any branch of government from becoming too powerful [image] |
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| people who opposed ratification of the Constitution |
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| people who supported ratification of the Constitution |
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| official change, correction, or addition to a law or constitution |
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| the first 10 amendments to the Constitution; ratified in 1791 |
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| An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown |
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