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Which of the following is not a characteristic of bacteria? |
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Factors that affect the enzymatic activity in a microorganism are: |
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Temperature and pH The substrate concentration |
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| Which of the following is a beneficial activity of microorganisms? |
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microorganisms are used in food processing microorganisms provide nitrogen for plant growth microorganisms are used in sewage treatment |
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| Which of the following pairs are mismatched? |
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cell wall-protein plasma membrane-transport ribosomes-protein synthesis membrane-DNA synthesis golgi complex-packaging |
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| If a bacterial cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, which of these effects will take place? |
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| Water moves out of the cell, causing its plasma membrane to shrink (plasmolysis) |
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| Microbial growth refers to: |
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| the increase in the number of microbes |
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| A chemical agent that rapidly kills microbes but not necessarily their endospores. |
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| The process of destroying all forms of microbial life on an object or in a material |
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| All vegetative cells and their endospores are killed in about 15 minutes at 121 degrees centigrade. |
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| Chemical disinfection of the skin, mucous, membranes, or other living tissues |
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It acts by denaturation, very effective |
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| Due to osmotic pressure, results in loss of water from microbial cells. |
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| Gaseous sterilant that acts by denaturation, excellent for objects that would be damaged by heat. |
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| Involves removing water from microbes, primarily bacteriostatic, used for food preservation |
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| There are soaps that help in the mechanical removal of microbes through scrubbing. |
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| This process is used for control of microbial growth in milk and other dairy products. |
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| no microbial growth, but intensive metabolic activity |
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| exponential growth (rapid growth in the number of bacteria) |
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| rate of growth=rate of death |
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| number of bacteria decreases |
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| A phenomenon that occurs when bacteria are placed in high salt concentration. |
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| A term used to describe microorganisms that grow between 40 degrees C and 70 degress C. |
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| A term used for microorganisms that grow at temperatures of 10 degrees C to 50 degrees C. |
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New cell numbers balanced by death of cells. |
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| No cell division, but intense metabolic activity |
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| A logarithmic plot of the population produces an ascending straight line. |
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| This process changes glucose to pyruvic acid |
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| This process can produce lactic acid, ethanol, and acetic acid. |
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| This process requires a lot of oxygen. |
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| Organisms that require light and CO2 for nutrition. |
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| Antisepsis is the destruction of vegetative pathogens of living tissue. |
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Boiling dishes, basins, pitchers, etc. kills bacteria by protein denaturation. |
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Refrigeration kills bacteria in cooked food. |
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| Osmotic pressure is used for food preservation by plasmolysis of bacteria |
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| Heavy metals and their compounds are used for control of microbial growth. |
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| Alcohols destroy bacteria by disrupting the plasma membrane. |
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| Ethylene oxide is an excellent sterilization agent, espeically for objects that would be damaged by heat. |
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| Quaternary ammonium compounds kill bacteria by enzyme inhibition, protein, denaturation, and disruption of plasma membranes. |
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| Sanitization is the removal of microbes from a limited area, such as the site around an injection in skin. |
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| Pateurization is ued for control of microbial growth in milk, cream, and certain alcoholic beverages (beer and wine). |
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| everything inside the plasma membrane and external to the nucleus. |
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| semi-permeable, protective of cell |
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| endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes on its surface. |
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| endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes. |
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| structure unit of flagella and centrioles. |
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Contains digestive enzymes |
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| intracellular inclusion surrounded by plasma a membrane |
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