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Definition
the discipline concerned with behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism's external and internal environment.
[pretty much how our inside is affected by our outside] |
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| evidence gathered by careful observation, experimentation, and measurement. |
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| pseudoscience and quackery covered by a veneer of psychological and scientific sounding language. |
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PSYCHOLOGY VS.
POPULAR OPINION VS. |
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Definition
SERIOUS PSYCHOLOGY
RESEARCH EVIDENCE |
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| eight critical thinking guidelines |
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Definition
1. ask questions/ willing to wonder
2. define terms
3. examine the evidence
4. analyze assumptions and biases
5. avoid emotional reasoning
6. don't oversimplify
7. consider other interpretations
8. tolerate uncertainty |
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| the birth of modern psychology is attributed to this man |
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Definition
| Wilhelm Wundt and his laboratory |
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structuralism
funtionalism
psychoanalysis |
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Definition
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| william james and charles darwin |
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| immediate experience into basic elements |
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| The major psychological perspectives |
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Definition
1. the biological perspective
2. the learning perspective
3. the cognitive perspective
4. the sociocultural perspective
5. the psychodynamic perspective |
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| overview of professional activities |
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Definition
1. teach and conduct research in colleges and universities
2. provide health or mental health services
3. conduct research or apply its findings in nonacademic settings |
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Definition
1. those who try to understand and improve physical and mental health
2. practitioners of psychology work in mental or general hospitals etc
3. types of practitioners: counseling psychologists, school psychologists
4. types of non clinical psychologist practitions: social worker, psychotherapists |
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Term
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Definition
how biology affects learning and performance, perceptions of reality, the experience of emotion, and vulnerability to emotional disorder
*the contributions of genes and other biological factors in the development of abilities and personality traits
Evolutionary psychology |
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Definition
| focusing on how genetically influenced behavior that was functional or adaptive during our evolutionary past may be reflected in many of our present behaviors, mental processes and traits . |
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Definition
concerned with how the environment and experience affect a person's actions
behaviorists
social-cognitive learning theorists |
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| focus on the environmental rewards and punisher's that maintain or discourage behaviors. tend to stick to what they can observe and measure directly instead of invoking the mind or mental states . |
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| social cognitive learning theorists |
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combine elements of behaviorism with research on thoughts, values, expectations, and intention.
believe that people learn not only by adapting their behavior to the environment but also by imitating others and by thinking about the events happening around them. |
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| cognitive perspective emphasizes what goes onin people's heads |
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Definition
| how people reason, remember, understand language, solve problems, explain experiences, acquire moral standards, and form beliefs. |
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| sociocultural perspective |
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focuses on social and cultural forces outside the individual
social psychologists
cultural psychologist |
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| focus on social rules and roles, how groups affect attitudes and behavior |
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| examine how cultural rules and values both explicit and unspoken - affect people's development, behavior, and feelings. |
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| experimental psychologists |
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| conduct lab. studies of learning motivation, emotion, sensation, and perception |
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| educational psychologists |
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| study psychological principles that explain learning and search for ways to improve education systems |
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| developmental psychologists |
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| study how people change and grow over time, physically, mentally, and socially |
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| industrial/ organizational psychologists |
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| study behavior in the workplace |
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| psychometric psychologists |
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| design and evaluate tests of mental abilities, aptitudes, interests, and personalities. |
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counseling psychologists
school psychologists
clinical psychologists |
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