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First Aid Rapid Review - Key Associations
Key Associations
133
Medical
Graduate
02/24/2013

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Cards

Term
Actinic (solar) keratosis
Definition
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
Term
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
Definition
Cushing's ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
Term
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
Definition
Curling's ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
Term
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
Definition
Skip lesions (Crohn's disease)
Term
Aneurysm, dissecting
Definition
Hypertension
Term
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
Definition
Atherosclerosis
Term
Aortic aneurysm, ascending
Definition
Marfan's syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
Term
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
Definition
Wernicke's encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
Term
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
Definition
Sickle cell anemia (HbS)
Term
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer
Definition
H. pylori
Term
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
Definition
Strep penumoniae
Term
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
Definition
Group B streptococcus (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)
Term
Benign melanocytic nevus
Definition
Spitz nevus (most common in first two decades)
Term
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
Definition
Bernard-Soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand's factor)
Term
Brain tumor (adults)
Definition
Supratentorial: mets > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
Term
Brain tumor (kids)
Definition
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)
Term
Breast cancer
Definition
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the United States, 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer)
Term
Breast mass
Definition
1. Fibrocystic change
2. Carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
Term
Breast tumor (benign)
Definition
Fibroadenoma
Term
Cardiac Primary tumor(kids)
Definition
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
Term
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
Definition
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
Term
Cardiac tumor (adults)
Definition
1. Metastasis
2. Primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; "ball and valve")
Term
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Definition
Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)
Term
Chronic arrhythmia
Definition
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
Term
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune(
Definition
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
Term
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
Definition
DES exposure in utero
Term
Compression fracture
Definition
Osteoporosis (type 1: postmenopausal women; type II: elderly man or woman)
Term
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
Definition
21-hydroxylase deficiency
Term
Congenital cardiac anomaly
Definition
VSD
Term
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Definition
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
Term
Constrictive pericarditis
Definition
Tuberculosis (developing world); systemic lupus erythematosus (developed world)
Term
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
Definition
LAD > RCA > LCA
Term
Cretinism
Definition
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
Term
Cushing's syndrome
Definition
1. Corticosteroid therapy
2. Excess ACTH secretion by pituitary
3. Small cell lung carcinoma
Term
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Definition
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus)
Term
Cyanosis (late; more common)
Definition
VSD, ASD, PDA
Term
Death in CML
Definition
Blast crisis
Term
Death in SLE
Definition
Lupus nephropathy
Term
Dementia
Definition
1. Alzheimer's disease
2. Multiple infarcts
Term
Demyelinating disease in young women
Definition
Multiple sclerosis
Term
DIC
Definition
Gram-negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma
Term
Dietary deficit
Definition
Iron
Term
Diverticulum in pharynx
Definition
Zenker's diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
Term
Ejection click
Definition
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
Term
Esophageal cancer
Definition
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)
Term
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
Definition
S. aureus, B. cereus
Term
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Definition
Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)
Term
Gynecologic malignancy
Definition
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US0; cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
Term
Heart murmur, congenital
Definition
Mitral valve prolapse
Term
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Definition
Mitral (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse), aortic (2nd affected in rheumatic fever)
Term
Helminth infection (US)
Definition
1. Enterobius vermicularis
2. Ascaris lumbricoides
Term
Hematoma - epidural
Definition
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
Term
Hematoma - subdural
Definition
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
Term
Hemochromatosis
Definition
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
Term
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Definition
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C)
Term
Hereditary bleeding disorder
Definition
von Willebrand's disease
Term
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Definition
Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
Term
HLA-B27
Definition
Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis
Term
HLA-DR3 or -DR4
Definition
Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
Term
Holosystolic murmur
Definition
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
Term
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Definition
Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis)
Term
Hypertension, Secondary
Definition
Renal disease
Term
Hypoparathyroidism
Definition
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
Term
Hypopituitarism
Definition
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign adenoma)
Term
Infection secondary to blood transfusion
Definition
Hepatitis C
Term
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
Definition
Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase positive)
Term
Kidney stones
Definition
1. Calcium = radiopaque
2. Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease-positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus)
3. Uric acid = radiolucent
Term
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L->R becomes R->L)
Definition
Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia
Term
Liver disease
Definition
Alcoholic cirrhosis
Term
Lysosomal storage disease
Definition
Gaucher's disease
Term
Male cancer
Definition
Prostatic carcinoma
Term
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Definition
Hodgkin's lymphoma
Term
Malignant skin tumor
Definition
Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)
Term
Mental retardation
Definition
1. Down syndrome
2. Fragile X syndrome
Term
Metastases to bone
Definition
Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney
Term
Metastases to brain
Definition
Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI
Term
Metastases to liver
Definition
Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung carcinomas
Term
Mitochondrial inheritance
Definition
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
Term
Mitral valve stenosis
Definition
Rhematic heart disease
Term
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
Definition
ALS
Term
Myocarditis
Definition
Coxsackie B
Term
Neoplasm (kids)
Definition
1. ALL
2. Cerebellar medulloblastoma
Term
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Definition
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Term
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Definition
Minimal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids)
Term
Neuron migration failure
Definition
Kallmann syndrome
Term
Nosocomial pneumonia
Definition
Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Term
Obstruction of male urinary tract
Definition
BPH
Term
Opening snap
Definition
Mitral stenosis
Term
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
Definition
Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly carinii) pneumonia
Term
Osteomyelitis
Definition
S. aureus
Term
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Definition
Salmonella
Term
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Definition
Pseudomonas, S. aureus
Term
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Definition
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
Term
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Definition
Serous cystadenoma
Term
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Definition
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Term
Pancreatitis (acute)
Definition
Gallstones, alcohol
Term
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Definition
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
Term
Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
Definition
ALL: child, CLL: adult>60, AML: adult-60, CML: adult 30-60
Term
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Definition
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis)
Term
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22)(bcr-abl)
Definition
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
Term
Pituitary tumor
Definition
1. Prolactinooma
2. Somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
Term
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Definition
Multiple myeloma
Term
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Definition
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
Term
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Definition
1. Adenomas
2. Hyperplasia
3. Carcinoma
Term
Primary liver cancer
Definition
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin)
Term
Pulmonary hypertension
Definition
COPD
Term
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Definition
Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
Term
Renal tumor
Definition
Renal cell carcinoma: Associated with von Hippel-Lindau and adult polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
Term
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
Definition
Cor pulmonale
Term
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
Definition
Increased ventricular filling (L-> shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])
Term
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Definition
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
Term
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Definition
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
Term
Sexually transmitted disease
Definition
Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)
Term
SIADH
Definition
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
Term
Site of diverticula
Definition
Sigmoid colon
Term
Sites of aterosclerosis
Definition
Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
Term
Stomach cancer
Definition
Adenocarcinoma
Term
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Definition
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
Term
t(14;18)
Definition
Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
Term
t(8;14)
Definition
Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
Term
t(9;22)
Definition
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
Term
Temporal arteritis
Definition
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
Term
Testicular tumor
Definition
Sminoma
Term
Thyroid cancer
Definition
Papillary carcinoma
Term
Tumor in women
Definition
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
Term
Tumor of infancy
Definition
Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
Term
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Definition
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
Term
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Definition
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
Term
Type of Hodgkin's
Definition
Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
Term
Type of non-Hodgkin's
Definition
Diffuse large cell
Term
UTI
Definition
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
Term
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
Definition
HSV-1
Term
Vitamin deficiency (U.S.)
Definition
Folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
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