Term
| actinic (solar) keratosis |
|
Definition
| precursor to squamous cell carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury |
|
Definition
| Cushing's ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion) |
|
|
Term
| acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns |
|
Definition
| Curling's ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa) |
|
|
Term
| alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal color |
|
Definition
| skip lesions (Crohn's disease) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| aortic aneurysm, ascending |
|
Definition
| Marfan's syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration) |
|
|
Term
| atrophy of the mammillary bodies |
|
Definition
| Wernicke's encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion) |
|
|
Term
| autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly( |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids) |
|
Definition
| group B streptococcus (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spitz nevus (most common in first two decades) |
|
|
Term
| bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency |
|
Definition
| Bernard-Soulier diseae (defect in platelet adhesion to van Willebrand's factor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supratentorial: mets > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the US, 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. fibrocystic change
2. carcinoma (in postmenopausal women) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cardiac primary tumor (kids) |
|
Definition
| rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis |
|
|
Term
| cardiac manifestation of lupus |
|
Definition
| Libman-Sacks endocarditis (non-bacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. metastasis
2. primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; "ball and valve" |
|
|
Term
| cerebellar tonsillar herniation |
|
Definition
| Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli) |
|
|
Term
| chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune) |
|
Definition
| predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia) |
|
|
Term
| clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman) |
|
|
Term
| congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| congenital cardiac anomaly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver) |
|
Definition
| Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile) |
|
|
Term
| constrictive pericarditis |
|
Definition
| tuberculosis (developing world); systemic lupus erythematosus (developed world) |
|
|
Term
| coronary artery involved in thrombosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| iodine deficit/hypothyroidism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. corticosteroid therapy
2. excess ACTH secretion by pituitary
3. small cell lung carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| cyanosis (early; less common) |
|
Definition
| Tetrology of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosis |
|
|
Term
| cyanosis (late; more common) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Alzheimer's disease
2. multiple infarcts |
|
|
Term
| demyelinating disease in young women |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gram-negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Zenker's diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US) |
|
|
Term
| food poisoning (exotoxin mediated) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| glomerulonephritis (adults) |
|
Definition
| Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| heart valve in bacterial endocarditis |
|
Definition
| mitral (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse), aortic (2nd affected in rheumatic fever) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Enterobius vermicularis
2. Ascaris lumbricoides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes", and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C) |
|
|
Term
| hereditary bleeding disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hereditary harmless jaundice |
|
Definition
| Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation |
|
|
Term
| hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis |
|
Definition
| Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accidental excision during thyroidectomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor) |
|
|
Term
| infection secondary to blood transfusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| infections in chronic granulomatous disease |
|
Definition
| Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase positive) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. calcium = radiopaque
2. stuvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease-positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus)
3. uric acid = radiolucent |
|
|
Term
| late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L --> R becomes R --> L) |
|
Definition
| Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lysosomal storage disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| malignancy associated with non-infectious fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Down syndrome
2. Fragile X |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung carcinomas |
|
|
Term
| mitochondrial inheritance |
|
Definition
| disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. ALL
2. cerebellar medulloblastoma |
|
|
Term
| nephrotic syndrome (adults) |
|
Definition
| focal segmental glomerulosclerosis |
|
|
Term
| nephrotic syndrome (kids) |
|
Definition
| minimal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
|
|
Term
| obstruction of male urinary tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| opportunistic infection in AIDS |
|
Definition
| Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly carinii) pneumonia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| osteomyelitis with IV drug use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer |
|
Definition
| Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells) |
|
|
Term
| ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ovarian tumor (malignant) |
|
Definition
| serous cystadenocarcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids) |
|
|
Term
| patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML |
|
Definition
| ALL: child, CLL: adult >60, AML: adult ~60, CML: adult 30-60 |
|
|
Term
| pelvic inflammatory disease |
|
Definition
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis) |
|
|
Term
| Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl) |
|
Definition
| CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. prolactinoma
2. somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| primary bone tumor (adults) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| primary hyperaldosteronism |
|
Definition
| adenoma of adrenal cortex |
|
|
Term
| primary hyperparathyroidism |
|
Definition
1. adenomas
2. hyperplasia
3. carcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of mall/medium vessels in extremities |
|
Definition
| Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and adult polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndrome (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH) |
|
|
Term
| right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S3 (protodiastolic gallop) |
|
Definition
| increased ventricular filling (L --> R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF]) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy) |
|
|
Term
| secondary hyperparathyroidism |
|
Definition
| hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease |
|
|
Term
| sexually transmitted disease |
|
Definition
| chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small cell carcinoma of the lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels |
|
Definition
| Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| risk of ipsilateral blandness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood) |
|
|
Term
| tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults) |
|
Definition
| pheochromocytoma (usually benign) |
|
|
Term
| tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids) |
|
Definition
| neuroblastoma (malignant) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women) |
|
|
Term
| viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3-4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects) |
|
|
