Term
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Definition
| Emergency treatment one applies to oneself |
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Term
| Name some items that you might use as a splint from your military equipment |
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Definition
Bayonet
Rifle
Entrenching tool
Tent poles and stakes
Web belt |
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Term
| What is the quickest way to splint a broken leg? |
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Definition
| Tie the broken leg securely to the unbroken leg |
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Term
| How many pressure points, which can be used to control bleeding with fingers, thumbs or hands are there on the human body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the object of first aid? |
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Definition
To stop bleeding
Overcome shock
Relieve pain
Prevent infection |
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Term
| What FM covers first aid for soldiers? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| It is the first care given to casualties before treatment by medical personnel can be made available |
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Term
| When would you not remove a casualties clothing to expose a wound? |
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Definition
| If in a chemical environment or if the clothing is stuck to the wound |
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Term
| How high should an injured limb be elevated above the heart to control bleeding? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the lifesaving steps? (The ABC's of medical treatment) |
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Definition
Open the airway and restore breathing
Stop the bleeding / Protect the wound
Prevent shock |
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Term
| When applying splint, where should the bandages be tied? |
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Definition
| The bandages should be tied with knots against the splint |
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Term
| How should the ends of an improved pressure dressing be tied? |
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Definition
| Tie the ends together in a nonslip knot, directly over the wound site. DO NOT tie so tightly that it has a tourniquet-like effect. |
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Term
| Should a casualty be given water to drink? |
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Definition
| He should not eat or drink |
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Term
| Why should you dress and bandage the wound as soon as possible? |
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Definition
| To protect the wound from further contamination of germs, and also to control the bleeding |
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Term
| What should you do to indicate that a casualty has received a tourniquet? |
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Definition
| Mark his or her forehead with a T and if possible, note the time of the application of the tourniquet |
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Term
| Where is a tourniquet applied? |
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Definition
| Place the tourniquet around the limb, between the wound and the body trunk (or between the wound and the heart). Never place it directly over a wound, a fracture, or joint. Tourniquets, for maximum effectiveness, should be placed on the upper arm or above the knee on the thigh. |
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Term
| How can you prevent athlete's foot? |
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Definition
| Keep your feet clean, use foot powder and change socks daily |
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Term
| Name 3 categories of heat injuries |
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Definition
Heat cramps
Heat exhaustion
Heat stroke |
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Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of heat cramps? |
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Definition
Cramping in the extremities (arms and legs)
Abdominal Cramps (stomach)
Excessive Sweating |
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Term
| What is the treatment for heat cramps? |
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Definition
Move the casualty to a cool, shady area or improvise shade if none is available.
Loosen his clothing (if not in a chemical environment)
In a chemical environment, transport the heat casualty to a noncontaminated area as soon as the mission permits.
Have him slowly drink at least one canteen full of water. (The body absorbs cool water faster than warm or cold water; therefore, cool water is preferred if it is available.)
Seek medical assistance should cramps continue. |
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Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion? |
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Definition
Excessive sweating with pale, moist, cool skin
Headache
Weakness
Dizziness
Loss of appetite
Cramping
Nausea (with or without vomiting)
Urge to defecate
Chills (Gooseflesh)
Rapid Breathing
Tingling of Hands/Feet
Confusion |
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Term
| What would the treatment be for heat exhaustion? |
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Definition
Move the casualty to a cool, shady area or improvise shade if none is available.
Loosen or remove his clothing and boots (unless in a chemical environment); pour water on him and fan him.
Have him slowly drink at least one canteen of water.
Elevate his legs.
If possible, the casualty should not participate in strenuous activity for the remainder of the day.
Monitor the casualty until the symptoms are gone, or medical assistance arrives. |
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Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of heat stroke? |
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Definition
Skin is red, hot and dry
Weakness
Dizziness
Confusion
Headaches
Seizures
Nausea
Stomach pains or cramps
Respiration and pulse may be rapid and weak.
Unconsciousness and collapse may occur suddenly. |
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Term
| What would the treatment be for heat stroke? |
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Definition
Cool casualty immediately by—
Moving him to a cool, shady area or improvising shade if none is available.
Loosening or removing his clothing (except in a chemical environment).
Spraying or pouring water on him; fanning him to permit the coolant effect of evaporation.
Massaging his extremities and skin, which increases the blood flow to those body areas, thus aiding the cooling process.
Elevating his legs.
Having him slowly drink at least one canteen full of water if he is conscious.
Seek medical assistance immediately |
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Term
| If a casualty were suspected of having a neck/spinal injury or severe head trauma, which method would you use for opening an airway? |
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Definition
| The jaw thrust technique, because in most cases it can be done without extending the neck |
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Term
| What are two basic types of fractures? |
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Definition
Open (compound)
Closed (simple) |
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Term
| What are some signs of an open fracture? |
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Definition
Bleeding.
Bones sticking through the skin. |
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Term
| What are some signs of a closed fracture? |
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Definition
Swelling.
Discoloration.
Deformity.
Unusual body position. |
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Term
| With an open fracture, what should you do first? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the basic proven principle in splinting fractures? |
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Definition
| "Splint them where they lie" |
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Term
| How tight should tourniquet be? |
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Definition
| Tightened until the bright red bleeding has stopped. |
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Term
| What are the three types of bleeding? |
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Definition
Arterial- Blood is bright red and will spurt with each heart beat
Venous- Blood is dark red and flows in a steady stream
Capillary- Blood oozes from the wound |
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Term
| Name 4 common points for checking pulse |
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Definition
Carotid- The side of the neck
Femoral- The groin
Radial- The wrist
Posterial Tibial- Ankle |
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Term
| What are some signs/symptoms of shock? |
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Definition
Clammy skin (cool, pale and damp)
Restlessness and nervousness
Thirst
Loss of blood
Confusion
Fast breathing
Nausea or vomiting
Blotched or bluish skin (especially around the mouth and lips)
Often perspires freely
May pass out. |
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Term
| What is the treatment for shock? |
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Definition
“P.E.L.C.R.N.” (Pronounced Pell-Crin)
Position the casualty on their back
Elevate the Legs
Loosen clothing at neck waist or wherever it is binding
Climatize (prevent too hot or too cold)
Reassure (keep the casualty calm)
Notify medical personnel (Help, Get a medic!!) |
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Term
| What is the greatest preventive measure for disease? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, it is used to restore a heart beat |
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Term
| When can measures taken to restore breathing in an individual be discontinued? |
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Definition
When a doctor tells you to stop
When others relieve you
When you cannot physically continue
When the casualty starts to breath on his own |
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Term
| Name two types of rescue breathing |
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Definition
Mouth to mouth
Mouth to nose |
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Term
| When should a casualty not be placed in the shock position? |
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Definition
When the casualty has a:
Head injury
Abdominal wound
Fractured (unsplinted) leg |
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Term
| How long is direct manual pressure applied to control bleeding? |
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Definition
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Term
| What should you do prior to leaving an unconscious casualty? |
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Definition
| Turn their head to the side to prevent them from choking on their own vomit |
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Term
| When should a tourniquet be used to stop bleeding? |
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Definition
| As a last resort when everything else has failed or when an arm or leg has been severed off |
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Term
| What does COLD stand for? |
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Definition
| It is a key word in cold weather protection, it stands for Keep it CLEAN, Avoid OVERHEATING, Wear it LOOSE and in layers and Keep it DRY |
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Term
| What are the 8 steps in evaluating a casualty? |
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Definition
Check for:
Responsiveness
Breathing
Pulse
Bleeding
Shock
Fractures
Burns
Possible concussions (head injuries) |
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Term
| What is the first indication of frostbite? |
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Definition
| Skin becomes numb and white particles/patches form on it |
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Term
| What do you do to treat frostbite? |
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Definition
| Remove clothing from the affected area, warm with body heat, dress the area and seek additional medical help |
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Term
| When should an airtight dressing be applied to a sucking chest wound? |
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Definition
| As the individual breathes out |
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Term
| How should you position a casualty with an open abdominal wound? |
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Definition
| On his back with his knees up to relieve abdominal pressure |
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Term
| What do you do with exposed abdominal organs? |
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Definition
| Wrap them in dry clean material and place on top of the abdomen (never try to put them back in) |
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Term
| Name the four types of burns |
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Definition
Thermal
Electrical
Chemical
Laser |
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Term
| What is the primary objective in the treatment of burns? |
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Definition
| Lessen or prevent shock and infection |
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Term
| What is the first aid procedure for a white phosphorous casualty? |
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Definition
| Smother the flame by submerging the affected area in water or pack with mud. Then remove the particles by brushing or picking them out |
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Term
| What is the first step in the first aid of a burn victim? |
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Definition
| Remove the casualty from the source of the burn |
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Term
| What are the 2 prescribed methods for opening an airway? |
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Definition
The jaw thrust
Head tilt/chin lift methods |
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