Term
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Definition
| Radiation, Conduction, Evaporation, Convection |
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Term
| What % of head is lost through radiation? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Risk factors for cold/heat injuries? |
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Definition
| Age, Illness/Injury, Mental impairment, dehydration, body type, activities (work or recreation), Drugs/medication (alcohol) |
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Term
2 Misconceptions about alcohol?
What is alcohol? |
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Definition
Alcohol is a stimulant (depressant)
Makes body warm (actually burns esophagus)
Vasodialator: Opens blood vessels, More heat will leave the body |
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Term
| How much is heat loss accelerated when wet? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How does temp decrease with altitude? |
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Definition
| 5 degrees for every 1000ft |
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Term
|
Definition
| Heat goes to Cold (bleachers) |
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Term
|
Definition
Chill Blains
Trench Foot
Hypothermia
Acute hypothermia |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| During war, feet constantly in cold and wet, skin would rot and fall off |
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Term
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Definition
| Lose heat faster then body can produce |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Acute (immersion)wet, water 6hrs
2. Subacute (Mountain) 6-24 hours
3. Chronic (urban) >24 hours homeless, elderly |
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Term
| Signs going into hypothermia (umbles) |
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Definition
Grumble
Mumble (shivering, jaw wont work, cant talk)
Fumble (fingers wont work...)
Stumble (tripping) |
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Term
What is superficial frostbite?
Deep frostbite? |
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Definition
| Hard on surface, inside is soft |
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Term
| Best way to reverse cold problems? |
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Definition
wet, rapid, rewarming
ie. hot water, hot shower, whirlpool @ 100-105 degrees
WRR is 4x more effective than dry rewarming |
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Term
|
Definition
1st degree: 1st degree tender, red, swollen
2nd: BIG blisters, w/clear fluid
3rd: small blisters, w/o clear fluid (blood vessels have burst)
4th: no feeling even after thaw, not pink, still cold |
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Term
Mild Heat Problems
Fainting
Rash
Swelling |
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Definition
Fainting: heat syncopy
Rash: Prickly heat
Swelling: Heat Adema |
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Term
|
Definition
To much H20 and exertion without enough nutrients
-problem with runners
-more prevalence in women b/c smaller |
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Term
|
Definition
Flu like symptoms
Bad headaches
Sweating, cool skin
*treat with food, shade, water, aspirin |
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Term
|
Definition
50% of people not rescued will die
Body loses all ability to cool
Core temp rises continually
Skin is hot, dry, and flushed
*Wet rapid cooling |
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Term
How should you treat someone with heat stroke?
What precautions should you take? |
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Definition
Wet, rapid, cooling
-do not submerge immediately b/c heart could go into V. Fib, heart attack, or hypothermia
-stay with the person |
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Term
| How many people in America die each year from heat stroke? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 types of heat stroke? |
|
Definition
Slow Cooker - classical: couple days
ie. NFL football
Exertional/fast cooker: w/in 1 day
ie. Marathon runner |
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Term
| Signs of general illness? |
|
Definition
| ill, dizzy, confused, weak, skin color changes, sweat, breathing changes, nausea, vomiting |
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Term
| What can you do for a sudden illness? |
|
Definition
call 911
rest, control temperature
stay calm
no food/drink
watch and prepare for BLS |
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Term
| 2 main signs illness is an emergency |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the name of reduced blood flow to the heart? |
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Definition
Acute myocardial infarction?
women: shortness of breath, jaw or back pain, nausea & vomiting
-death usually 1-2 hours after symptom |
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Term
| What is the name of pain in the chest? |
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Definition
Angina pectoris
Nitroglycerin is prescribed for this can help with a heart attack also
-if pain persists greater than 10 min or returns or if victim as H.A. symptoms do 1st aid for H.A. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many CVA's in the US each year? Deaths? |
|
Definition
700,000 in US
162,000 deaths |
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Term
| Top 6 causes of death (not 5) |
|
Definition
1. Heart attack
2. Cancer
3. Stroke
4. COPD
5.
6. Diabetes |
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Term
|
Definition
For responsive victims
On back with shoulders raised |
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Term
| What is the proper position for an unresponsive victim? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Mini stroke
Transient Ischemic attack
Temporary interruption of blood flow in an artery to the brain
-call 911 increased risks for strokes |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Ask to smile
2. Ask w/o eyes closed to raise both arms out in front of the body
3. Have them squeeze 2 fingers with both hands at the same time
4. can also ask to repeat a phrase |
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Term
|
Definition
1. only 1 side smiles
2. One arm drifts lower
3. Slurs, wrong words, cannot speak |
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Term
|
Definition
respiratory distress
S&S gasping, panting, irregular breathing, wheezing, pale, bluish nail beds
leads to respiratory arrest in children/infants |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
ie. emphysema & chronic bronchitis
12 million in US over 124,000 deaths |
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Term
|
Definition
| sitting and leaning forward on knees |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Resp. infection, allergic rxn, exercise, foods, emotional stress, medications, pollution, temperature extremes
*dust, vacuum, avoid fluffiness, plastic covers, no air freshners, purifiers |
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Term
| 4 steps to use an inhaler? |
|
Definition
1. shake
2. position spacer
3. breathout fully
4. breathe in deeply & spray
5. Holy breath 10 sec and exhale slowly |
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Term
|
Definition
Affects alveoli of the lungs
Lose elasticity and decrease in #, reduces oxygen absorption |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bronchial tubes of lungs are inflammed and build up in mucous |
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Term
|
Definition
Fast, deep breathign caused by anxiety or stress
Imbalance in oxygen and carbon dioxide
Do not breath into a bad
Keep Calm |
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Term
|
Definition
Reduced blood flow to brain
-Hot weather, inactivity, fright, shock, lack of food |
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Term
|
Definition
Normal electrical activity is out of balance
-altered mental status, uncontrolled muscle contractions |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can happen before a seizure occurs? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Diabetes
Most common
How many deaths? |
|
Definition
Type 2 is 90%
70,000 deaths yearly |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Low blood sugar
Too much insulin, not right foods, uses blood sugar to quickly |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| High blood sugar, to little insulin, to much or wrong foods, no blood sugar with activity |
|
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Term
| What are precursors to worse conditions? |
|
Definition
| Angina, TIA's, and Gestational Diabetes (type III) |
|
|
Term
| Stable vs Unstable angina |
|
Definition
Stable - When exercising
Unstable- Can happen at any time/when resting |
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Term
| 2 questions to ask after a seizure? |
|
Definition
Did you know you had a seizure?
Have you had one before? |
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|
Term
| What percentage of strokes are hemorragic (blowout strokes) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What medicine is given for angina? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the sweet smell on the breath of someone with type 1 diabetes? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Poly urea (excessive urine), Poly phagia (excessive hunger), and poly depsia (excessive thirst) |
|
|
Term
| When should you call 911 w/o intervening? |
|
Definition
| case of domestic violence, or chemicals |
|
|
Term
| How does a person with anxiety or panic attacks behave? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common emotion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 "H" words with depression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Age groups prone to suicide attempts? |
|
Definition
| 16-24 & Elderly (higher death rate) |
|
|
Term
What are suicidal sayings/signs?
What should you do first? |
|
Definition
Emotional, giving away items.
Confront person about issue |
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|
Term
| What should you do for violent behavior? |
|
Definition
| Be a good listener, refer to help, call 911 if necessary |
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|
Term
| Saying that goes with abuse? |
|
Definition
| "Pray to hear you will have the ears to hear and eyes to see the truth" |
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|
Term
| Why is there more elder abuse then before? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What % of college girls are raped?
2 types of rape?
what % know the rapist? |
|
Definition
15%
-acquaintance rape
-Date rape
85% of them know the rapist |
|
|
Term
| What should you NOT do with a rape victim? |
|
Definition
| Do not clean up, need the DNA |
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|
Term
| What is remote location first aid? |
|
Definition
| 1 hour or more from medical help |
|
|
Term
| What can you do to signal help? |
|
Definition
Make X in clearing
Make a green fire with lots of smoke
Wave with BOTH arms
Shoot |
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