Shared Flashcard Set

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First Aid Rapid Review
Disease Descriptions from Rapid Review portion of First Aid Step 1
66
Medical
Graduate
05/12/2012

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

(posthepatic venous thrombosis)

Definition

Abdominal Pain

Ascites

Hepatomegaly

No JVD

Term

Familial Hypercholesterolemia

(decreased LDL receptor signaling"

Definition
Achilles tendon xanthoma
Term

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

(meningococcemia)

Definition

Adrenal hemorrhage

Hypotension

DIC

Term

Marfan's Syndrome

(fibrillin defect)

Definition

Arachnodactyly

lens dislocation *

aortic dissection

hyperflexible joints

Term
Erythropoietin injection
Definition
Athlete with polycythemia
Term

Pott's Disease

(vertebral tuberculosis)

Definition

Back pain

Fever

Night Sweats

Weight Loss

Term

Sarcoidosis

(noncaseating granulomas)

Definition

Bilateral hilar adenopathy *

uveitis

Term

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

(collagen defect, Type I)

Definition
Blue Sclera
Term

Lead poisoning

(Burton's Line)

Definition
Bluish line on Gingiva
Term
Paget's Disease of Bone
Definition

Bone Pain

Bone enlargement

Arthritis

Fractures

Increased hat size

Increased Alkaline Phosphatase

Term
Aortic Regurgitation
Definition

Bounding Pulses

Diastolic Heart Murmur

Head bobbing

Term
SLE
Definition
"Butterfly" facal rash and Raynaud's Phenomenon in a young female
Term
Neurofibramatosis Type I
Definition

Cafe-au-lait spots

Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)

pheochromocytoma

optic gliomas

Term
Neurofibromatosis Type II
Definition

Cafe-au-lait spots

Lisch nodules

bilateral acoustic neuromas

Term

McCune-Albright Syndrome

(mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)

Definition

Cafe-au-lait spots

Polyostotis fibrous dysplasia

precocious puberty

Term

Muscular dystrophy (Duchenne's)

X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene

Definition
Calf pseudohypertrophy
Term

Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation)

Neimann Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation)

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

Definition
"Cherry-red spot" on macula
Term

Dressler's Syndrome

(autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode)

Definition

Chest pain

pericardial effusion/friction rub*

persistent fever following MI

Term

Gowers' sign

(Duchenne muscular dystrophy)

Definition
Child uses arms to stand up from squat
Term

"Slapped cheeks"- Erythemia infectiosum/fifth disease

(Parvovirus B19)

Definition
Child with fever develops red rash on face that spread to body
Term

Huntington's disease

(autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)

Definition

Chorea

Dementia

Caudate Degeneration (Ach is decreased)

Term

McArdle's Disease

(muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)

 

Definition

Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia

fatigue

painful cramps

myoglobinuria

Term
Hypothyroidism
Definition
Cold Intolerance
Term

Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia

(Damage to MLF; bilateral = MS, unilateral = stroke)

Definition

Conjugate lateral gaze palsy

Horizontal Diplopia

Can go to Midline with convergence

Term

PDA

(close with indomethacin; open with misoprostol (PGE2))

Definition
Continuous "Machine-like" heart murmur
Term

Myxedema

(caused by hypothyroidism, Grave's disease -periorbital)

Definition
Cutaneous/dermal edema due to the connective tissue deposition
Term

Kaposi's Sarcoma

(a/w HHV-8)

Definition

Dark purple skin/mouth nodules

usually AIDS patients

Term

Kussmaul breathing

(Diabetic Ketoacidosis)

Definition
Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
Term

Pellegra

(Niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)

Definition

Dermatitis

Dementia

Diarrhea

Term

Wet Beriberi

(thiamine [vit. B1] deficiency)

Definition

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Edema

Polyneuropathy

Term
Pasteurella Multocida
Definition

Cellulitis at inoculation site

Dog or cat bite resulting in infection

Term

Sjrogen's Syndrome

(autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)

Definition

Dry eyes

Dry mouth

Arthritis

Term

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

(may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)

Definition

Dysphagia (esophageal webs)

Glossitis

Iron deficency anemia

Term

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

(type III collagen defect)

Definition

Elastic skin

hypermobility of joints

Term

Virchow's Node

(abdominal metastasis)

Definition
Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
Term

Sezary Syndrome

(cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or Mycosis Fungoides

Definition

Erythoderma

lymphadenopathy

Hepatosplenomegaly

Atypical T cells

Term

Chvostek's sign

(hypocalcemia)

Definition
Facial spasm upon tapping
Term

Acute Cholelithiasis

(bile duct blockage)

Definition

Fat

Female

Forty

Fertile

Term

Jarish-Herxheimer Reaction

(rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)

Definition

Fever, Chills, Headache, Myalgia

Following antibiotic treatment for syphilis

Term
Measles (Morbillivirus)
Definition

Fever

Cough

Conjuctivitis

Coryza (allergy symptoms)

Diffuse Rash

Term

B symptoms (Lymphoma)

TB

Definition

Fever

Night sweats

Weight loss

Term

Peyronie's Disease

(connective tissue disorder)

Definition
Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis (dorsum)
Term

Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

(HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive)

Definition

Gout

Mental Retardation

Self-mutilating behavior in a boy*

Term

Kayser-Fleischer Rings

(copper accumulation from Wilson's disease)

Definition
Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
Term

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

(genetic benign popyposis can cause bowel obstruction; increased cancer risk)

Definition

Hamartomatous GI polyps

Hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands

Term

Gaucher's Disease

(Glucocerebrosidase deficiency)

Definition

Hepatosplenomegaly

Osteoporosis

Neurologic symptoms

Crinkled tissue paper in cytoplasm

Term

Alport Syndrome

(mutation in alpha chain of collagen IV)

Definition

Hereditary nephritis

Sensorineural hearing loss

Cataracts

Term

Trousseau's Sign

(adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

Definition

Hypercoaguability

(leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

Term

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

(bilateral amygdala lesion)

Definition

Hyperphagia

Hypersexuality

Hyperorality

Hyperdocility

Term
UMN damage
Definition

Hyperreflexia

Positive Babinski sign

Hypertonia

Term

Conn's Syndrome

(hyperaldosteronism)

Definition

Hypertension

Hypokalemia

metabolic alkalosis

Term
LMN damage
Definition

Hyporeflexia

Hypotonia

Atrophy

Term

"Blue bloater"

(chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells)

Definition

Hypoxemia

Polycythemia

Hypercapnia

Term

Nonpainful: Chancre

(Primary syphilis, Treponemia pallidum)

Painful, with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)

Definition
Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
Term

Niemann-Pick Disease

(genetic sphigomyelinase deficiency)

Definition

Infant with failure to thrive

Hepatosplenomegaly

Neurodegeneration

Term

Cori's disease

(debranching enzyme deficiency)

Von Gierke's

Definition

Infant in hypoglycemia

Failure to thrive

hepatomegaly

Term

Edwards' syndrome

(trisomy 18)

Definition

Infant with microcephaly

Rocker-bottom feet

Clenched hands

Structural heart defect

Term
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Definition
Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
Term

Erythema Chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite

(Lyme disease: Borrelia)

Definition
Large rash with bull's eye appearance
Term

Epidural Hematoma

(middle meningeal artery rupture)

Definition
Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
Term

Bruton's disease

(X-linked agammaglobulinemia)

Definition

Male child

recurrent infections

no mature B cells

Term

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia

(defect in platelet aggrehation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)

Definition
Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
Term

Gardner's Syndrome

(subtype of FAP)

Definition

Multiple colon polyps

osteomas/soft tissue tumors

impacted/supernumerary teeth

Term

Pompe's disease 

(lysosomal alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency)

Definition

Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)

exercise intolerance

Term

Wegener's (c-ANCA positive)

Goodpasture's syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)

Definition
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
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