Fire detection systems are those that detect hazardous conditions. The early detection of fire and the signaling of an appropriate alarm remains the most significant factor in preventing large loss due to fire.

Fire suppression systems are those that control or contain  hazardous detection and suppression systems decrease loss through prompt notification and early mitigation and control of the fire. 

• Automatic fire dectection and alarm systems 
• Automatic fire suppression systems
• Manual fire alarm systems
• Manual fire suppression systems
• Smoke control/ exhaust systems 

What is the difference betweema standard and a code?

A standard is a set of principles, protocols, or procedures that is developed by committiees through a consensus process. Standards describe hot to do somthing or provide a minimum set of principles that should be followed.

A code is a law or boby of regulation for a political subdivision such as a municipality or country.

• Save the lives of building occupants
• Save the lives of firefighting called to resond to a home fire
• Significantly offset the risk of premature building collapse posed to firefighters by lightweight construction components when they are involved by fire
• Substanially reduce property loss caused by a fire

• Control Panels
• Annunciator Panel
• Initiating Devices
• Sounding Devices
• Auxiliary Equipment
• End of line Devices 

Alarm Signaling is a warning of a fire emergency or dangerous condition that demands immediate attention.

Supervisory Signal is one that is used to indicate an off normal condition of the complete fire protection system. This type of systems also includes a re-turned to normal signal, meaning that the condition has been resovled.

Trouble Signal indicates a problem with a monitored circuit or component of the fire alarm system or the power supply for the system. This signal must be clearly audible to attract attention so that corrective action can be taken.

Non Coded Alarm is the simplest type of local alarm. When an alrm intiating device , such as a smoke detector, sends a signal to the FACP, all of the alarm signaling devices operate at the same time.

Zoned/ Annunciated Alarm is a fire alarm system annunciation enables emergency responders to identify the general location (zone) of the alrm device activation.

Addressable Alarm Systems display the location of each initiating device on the fire alarm control planel (FACP) or annunciator panel. This will  pinpoint the specific device that has been activated for quick response. 

Auxiliary Alarm Systems is conected to a municipal fire alarm system. Alarms are transmitted over this system to a appropriate response agencies are selected and dispatched to the alarm.

Proprietary Systems is used in large facilities and has its own system remote from its own building. It is operated by its facility owner.

Central Station Systems is monitored by contracted services at a receiving point. If they recieve a alarm, they will contact emergency services. 

Remote Receiving Systems are common in jurisdictions that do not require central station systems. These systems are not connected to the emergency services telecommunication center through a municipal alarm box system. But is used in another means of ie telephoneline.

Emergancy Communication is to provide a reliable communication system for residents and firefighters.

Voice Notification Systems is a one way voice notification systems waarns building occupants that action is needed and tells them what action to take. 

Two Way Communication Systems allows people in other locations in the building to communicate with the person at the fire command centre using ether a intercom controls or a special telephone.

Mass Notification Systems is the provide a emergency communication to a large number of people on wide scale basis.

• Fusble Link
• Bimetallic
• Contiuous Line
• Rate of Rise Heat Detector (Pneumatic rate of rise line/ spot, Rate or compensation, Electronic)
• Smoke Detector (Photoelectric or Inization)

Photoelectric smoke detector works on all types of fires and usally responds more quickly to smoldering fires. There is a lamp and a photo cell within the detector which one puts light out and the other receives it, which makes a current. If smoke comes between it, the light light will be reflected and the current willbe gone.

Inization smoke detector contains a sensing chamber that consist of two electrically charged plates. If smoke comes between them, it will break the charge and the alarm will sound. Works best one flaming fires.

Acceptance Testing is performed sooon after the system has been installed or modified to insure it meets design criteria and function properly.

Service testing and Periodic Inspection ensures that fire detection and alarm systems work when they are needed, the systems must be tested and inspected on a regular basis. 

• Suitable water
• Distribution piping
• Valves
• Sprinklers
• Fire Department Connection (FDC)

Control valves are located in between the water supply and the riser. Its main propose is to shut or open the source of water. This vavle could be a gate valve, butterfly or ball valve.

Operating valves are all the valves above the water source. It rangs from alarm valve,check valve, globe valve and automatic drain valve. 

Large Drop are designed to produce a large drop of water to enable the spray to penetrate strong updrafts created by elevated fire conditions. 

Dry Pendant are used in ether dry or wet systems where the protected area may freeze.

Residential are fast response spinklers that have special low mass fusible link or bulb that makes the time of temperature actuation much less than that of a conventional spinkler.

Water Spray Nozzle dischargers water in a specific pattern to protect a three dimensional hazard such as an electric transformer or flamable liquid or gas tank.

Attic are designed for sloped attics. Their unique discharged patterns were developed to produce a narrow but long pattern.

Watter mist are water that are in a very fine mist, which depletes exygen and blocks radiant heat.

Wet pipe spinkler systems have water in the pipes with pressure and releases water when activates. 

Dry pipe sprinkler systems have no water in the pipes. There are air in the pipes under pressure and when activation of alarm is on, clapper valve is open and water is now introduced.

Deluge is similar to dry pipe sprinklers in that the system has no water in the pipe. How ever the deluge is ment to  quickly supply water at a large volume. In order to do so all the sprinkler heads has not fusable link (all open). 

Preaction sprinkler system is like a hybrid of deluge sprinkler systems. The system is ment to add a little of water so it doesn't damage imporant things. In order for this system to be set off, is that two different initiating devices for the water to start coming out.

• Valve are fully opened and scured or otherwise supervised in an approved manner
• Valve operating wheels or cranks are in good condition
• Valve are accessible at all times
• Valves operating stems have not been subjected to mechanical damage
• Operating wrenchsfor post indicator valves (PIVs) are in place, the OPEN/ SHUT signs are readable, and that cover glass is clean and in place
• PIV bolts are tight and the barrel casing are intact
• Main drain valves, auxiliary drains, and inspector's test valves are closed
• FDC connection treads are unobstructed and in good condition, and caps are in place

• Indicating valves are open and properly supervised in the open position
• Air pressure readings correspond to previously recorded readings
• Ball drip valves move freely and allow trapped water to seep out of the FDC
• FDC threads are unobstructed and in good condition, and caps are in place
• The systems air pressure is at 5 to 20 psi (35 kPa to 210) (depending on the system type) above the trip point and no ait leaks are indicated by a rapid or steady air loss.
• The system's air compressor is well maintained, operable, and of sufficient size

• Hose station
• Water supply
• Water flow control valves
• Risers
• Pressure regulating devices
• Fire department connection (FDC)

Class 1 is primarily for fire suppression personnelwho are trained on large hose lines (65mm).

Class 2 has a 38mm hose and are intended for occupants who are trained in its use or by the fire department.

Class 3 is combined with class 1 and class 2 features, both 38mm and 65 mm hoses.

Automatic Wet is a system that contains water in the pipes at all times.

Automatic Dry is when air in in the pipes under pressure. Water is admitted to the system through a dry pipe valve upon the opening of a hose valve.

Semiautomatic Dry system is attached to a water supply that is capable of suppying the system demand at all times. It requires activation of a control device to provide water at hose connections.

Manual Dry a system that does not have a permanent water supply. It is designed to have water when being utilized through the fire department conection.

Manual Wet does not have a permanent water supply for this system, and water must be provideed by the fire department. It is mained full of water from a small water source for the purpose of detecting leaks in the system.

• All water supply valves are sealed in the open position
• Power supply valves are sealed in the open position
• Power is available to the fire pump
• Individual hose valves are free of paint, corrosion, and other impediment
• Hose valves threads are not damaged and match fire department couplings 
• FDC and caps are in place and any locking caps can be opened
• Pipes are free of debris
• Hose valves wheels are present and not damaged
• Hose cabinets are accessible
• Hose is in good condition, hadd proper dryness, and is properly position on the rack
• Hose nozzles are present and im good working order
• Discharge outlets in a dry system are closed
• Dry stand pipes are drained of moisture
• Access to FDC and closest hydrant is not blocked
• FDC is free of obstruction and the swivels rotate freely

• Wet chemical extinguishing systems 
• Dry chemical 
• Clean agent
• Carbon Dioxide
• Water Mist 

• Halotron
• FM-200
• Inergen
• Novac 1230
• Stat-X

• Automoblie manufacturing facilities
• Industrail plants
• Refineries/ Chemical plants
• Paint and coating operations
• Food/ agricultural processing plants
• Pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities
• Printing presses

• Fixed
• Semifixed type A
• Semifixed type B
• High expansion
• Foam/ water

• Smoothbore nozzle
• Low expansion foam nozzle
• Self educting foan nozzle
• Standard fixed-flow fog nozzle
• Automatic nozzle
• Foam/ water spinkler
• High back pressure foam aspirator
• High expansion foam generator

Class A fires - Ordinary combustible

Class B fires - Flammable or combustible liquids

Class C fires - Energized electrical equipment

Class D fires - Combustible metals

Class K fires - cooking oils and fats

Green Triangle A - Ordinary Combustibles

Red Square B - Flammable Liquids

Blue Circle C - Electrical Equipment 

Yellow Star D - Combustible Metals

Black Hexagon K - Cooking Media