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finle exam study guide
1-70
70
Political Studies
8th Grade
05/23/2008

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Term
the belief that the person liveing in a region should decide key issues is?
Definition
popular sovereignty
Term
which of the following term describes the division of goverment into three branches?
Definition
separation of power
Term
people who come to a country to settle are called?
Definition
immigrants
Term
what idea of elio whitney transformed manfacturing by making each copy of a copy of a manufactured item exactly alike?
Definition
interchangeadle parts
Term
what did sequoya invent for the cerokee people?
Definition
a witten language
Term
what branch of goverment has the power to pass laws
Definition
legislative branch
Term
what practice became known as the spoils laws?
Definition
elected officials rewarding political backers with govermet jobs
Term
a person who put the interest of his or her state or region ahead of what was best for the rest of the nation was demonstraring with attitude?
Definition
sectionalism
Term
what was the name of the journey made by the cherokee after they were removed from their lands by force
Definition
trail of tears
Term
which document set up the federal court system
Definition
the federal judiciary act of 1789
Term
Citizens vote for their political representatives in government shaped by the political principle of
Definition
republicanism
Term
Why did Hamilton want to place tariffs (taxes) on foreign goods?
Definition
all of the above
Term
Which invention did Samuel F.B. Morse create, and what was it effect?
Definition
telegraph-allowed people to communicate over long distances.
Term
Which of the following is true about James Madison?
Definition
All of the above are true.
Term
What was one Northern strategy for winning the Civil War?
Definition
to cut off the South's imports and exports with a naval blockade
Term
Who commanded the Texas forces at the Battle of the Alamo
Definition
William Travis
Term
What impact did Sacagawea have on American history
Definition
She helped a U.S. expedition explore the Louisiana Territory
Term
The idea of spreading political power to the people and ensuring majority rule was characteristic of
Definition
Jacksonian democracy
Term
For what period of time is a president's term of office
Definition
4 years
Term
People who went to California during the gold rush were known as
Definition
forty-niners
Term
The person who assassinated President Lincoln was
Definition
John Wilkes Booth
Term
A state's representation in the House of Representatives is based on
Definition
the size of that state's population
Term
How did Congress finally agree to address George Washington, the first president
Definition
Mr. President
Term
Who operated schools to educate former slaves
Definition
Freedmen's Bureau
Term
What group of Americans sought religious freedom in the West
Definition
Mormons
Term
The Fifteenth Amendment gave which of the following groups the right to vote
Definition
African-American men
Term
What were the "black codes
Definition
Southern laws designed to limit the rights of African Americans
Term
What did South Carolina threaten to do because of the Tariff of Abominations
Definition
Secede from the Union
Term
How are members of the Supreme Court chosen
Definition
appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate
Term
Which of the following has the power to make treaties with foreign governments provided two-thirds of the Senate approve
Definition
president
Term
The Confederate States of America were
Definition
the slaveholding states that seceded from the Union
Term
Who is president of the Senate but has no vote unless the Senate is equally divided
Definition
vice-president
Term
Appomattox Court House is important because it was
Definition
the site where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant
Term
What gave African Americans full citizenship
Definition
Fourteenth Amendment
Term
A severe food shortage that results in widespread hunger and death is known as
Definition
a famine
Term
Who was the first vice-president and the second president
Definition
John Adams
Term
What is the only situation in which the writ of habeas corpus (unlawful restraint) may be suspended
Definition
cases of rebellion or invasion
Term
Which of the following is true about the Supreme Court's decision in the case of Marbury v. Madison
Definition
It established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review
Term
What did the Compromise of 1877 do
Definition
It ended Reconstruction
Term
Which two groups make up the Congress of the United States
Definition
House and Senate
Term
The author of Uncle Tom's Cabin was
Definition
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Term
For what is Nat Turner best known
Definition
leading an armed revolt of some 70 slaves
Term
What was true of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment?
Definition
All of the below are true
Term
How many members of Congress must vote to pass a bill after it has been vetoed
Definition
two-thirds
Term
For what reason is Harriet Tubman famous
Definition
She was a conductor on the Underground Railroad
Term
What event triggered the fighting between the North and the South
Definition
Southerners fired on Fort Sumter
Term
What was George Washington's view of political parties
Definition
Political parties would split the nation
Term
Who founded a relief agency that later became the Red Cross
Definition
Clara Barton
Term
Who saved important items before the British burned the White House
Definition
Dolley Madison
Term
Which of the following is an example of a radical
Definition
a person who takes an extreme position on a political issue
Term
How did the War of 1812 encourage the growth of U.S. manufacturing
Definition
Americans had to make their own products because a British blockade kept European products out of the United States.
Term
Which of the following actions is required of the president to stop a new bill
Definition
veto
Term
Which battle was considered the turning point of the Civil War
Definition
Gettysburg
Term
What did the Fifteenth Amendment do
Definition
It gave African-American men the right to vote
Term
Which battle resulted in the bloodiest day in all of American history, with neither side having gained any ground
Definition
the Battle of Antietam
Term
What did the Supreme Court rule in the case of Gibbons v. Ogden
Definition
Only the federal government had the right to control interstate commerce.
Term
What is the only amendment to be repealed and which amendment repealed it
Definition
The 18th Amendment was repealed by the 21st Amendment
Term
What roles do both houses of Congress play in the introduction of a new bill
Definition
All of the above are true
Term
What did the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 accomplish
Definition
gave Florida to the United States
Term
The purpose of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution was
Definition
to end slavery in the United States
Term
What is the name given to the first ten amendments to the Constitution, which guarantee certain individual rights
Definition
Bill of Rights
Term
To whom did Washington turn for help in solving the challenges facing the new nation
Definition
his cabinet
Term
The cotton gin was invented in 1793 by
Definition
Eli Whitney
Term
What was the Missouri Compromise
Definition
a plan to allow slavery to spread into some areas but not others
Term
The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional is an example of which of the following principles
Definition
checks and balances
Term
The songs in which enslaved people of the South expressed their religious beliefs or passed coded messages were called
Definition
spirituals
Term
The author of the poem that in 1931 became the national anthem of the United States was
Definition
Francis Scott Key
Term
The Kansas-Nebraska Act called for
Definition
the residents of Kansas and Nebraska vote to decide the issue of slavery
Term
The president of the Confederacy was
Definition
Jefferson Davis
Term
Who has the power to declare war
Definition
Congress
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