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| study of chemicals containing carbon |
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| anything that has mass and occupies space |
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| study of chemicals that do not contain carbon |
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| the study of processes taking place in organisms |
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| the area of study that focuses on the composition of matter |
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| the area that deals with the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes change |
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| the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake |
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| research that is directed toward a practical goal or application |
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| applies science to the production of biological products or processes |
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| measure of the amount of matter |
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| property that depends on the amount of matter in the sample |
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| property that depends on the type of matter in the property, not the amount of matter |
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| uniform and definite composition |
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| liquid or solid at room temp. |
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| composition is uniform throughout |
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| and part of composition with uniform composition or properties |
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| liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is condensed into a liquid |
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| simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties |
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| the ability of a substance to undergo a specific change |
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| a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture |
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| measure of how close a measurement comes to the true value of whatever is measured |
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| a measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another |
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| Error= experimental value - accepted value |
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| (|Error|/accepted value)*100% |
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| the force that measures the pull of a given mass by gravity |
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| A ratio of equivalent measurements |
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| a way to analyze and solve problems using the units of measurements |
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| scanning tunneling microscopes |
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| created by j.j. thomson. stream of electron particles moving at a high speed |
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| atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
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| 1/12 the mass of a carbon atom |
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| weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occuring sample of an element |
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| Percent Atomic Mass Formula |
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| (percent*mass)+(percent*mass) |
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| weighted average mass formula |
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| (total number of protons in all atoms + total number of neutrons in all atoms)/number of atoms total |
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| the fixed energy levels an electron can have |
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| the amount of energy needed to move an electron from one energy level to another |
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| determines the allowed energies an electron can have and how likely it is to find the electron in various locations around the nucleus. made by Schrodinger |
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| region of space in which there is a high probability of finding an electron |
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| electrons occupy orbitals of the lowest energy first |
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| pauli exclusion principle |
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| an atomic orbital may contain at most 2 electrons |
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| electrons occupy orbitals of the same energy in a way that makes the number with the same spin direction as large as possible |
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| a wave's height from zero to crest |
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| distance between crests represented by lambda |
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| number of wave cycles to pass a given unit of time. represented by Nu, (v) |
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| radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet waves, x-rays, gamma rays |
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| when sunlight passes through a prism |
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| frequnecies of light emitted by an element that separate into discrete lines |
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| the lowest possible energy of an electron |
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| Heisenberg Uncertainty principle |
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| it is impossible to know exactly both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time |
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| high luster, good conductors, solid at room temperatures, ductile, malleable |
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| behaves like metals or nonmetals |
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| 1/2 the distance between the nuclei of 2 atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined |
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| the energy required to move an electron from an atom |
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| the ability of an atom of an element to attract electrons when the atoms are in a compound |
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| discovered by Lewis. in forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas |
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| electrostatic forces that hold ions together |
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| the kinds and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of a substance |
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| lowest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound |
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| the number of ions of opposite charge that surround the ion in a crystal |
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| the attraction of free-floating valence electrons got the positively charged metal ions |
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| mixtures composed of 2 or more elements, at least one of them being a metal |
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| not bonding pair of electrons. causes molecules to bend |
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| covalent bond in which one atoms contributes both bonding electrons |
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| tightly bound groups of atoms that have a positive or negative charge and behaves as a unit |
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| energy required to break the bond between 2 covalently bonded atoms |
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| a structure that occurs when it is possible to write 2 or more valid electron dot formulas that have the same number of electron pairs for a molecule or ion. |
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| the repulsion between electron pairs causes molecular shapes to adjust so that the valence-electron pairs stay as far apart as possible. |
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| bonding electrons are shared equally |
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| polar molecules are attracted to one another |
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| attraction because of motion of electrons |
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