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| logical arrangement of evidence in a speech; first of Aristotle's three types of proof |
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| speaker's credibility; second of Aristotle's three types of proof |
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| emotional appeals made by a speaker; the third of Aristotle's three types of proof |
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| mental leaps we make when we recognize that a speaker's evidence supports his or her claims |
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| material you use to support your ideas, and it consists of the examples, narratives, statistics, testimony, a definitions |
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| set of statements that allows you to develop your evidence to establish the validity of your claim |
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| process of reasoning that uses specific instances, or examples, to make a claim about a general conclusion |
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| error in reasoning in which a speaker reaches a conclusion without enough evidence to support it |
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| process of reasoning that uses a familiar and commonly accepted claim to establish the truth of a very specific claim |
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| claim in an argument that states a familiar,commonly accepted belief(also called the general principle) |
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| claim in an argument that states a specific instance linked to the major premise |
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| logical outcome of an argument that results from the combination of the major and minor premises |
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| process of reasoning that supports a claim ny establishing a cause-and-effect relationship |
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| error in reasoning in which a speaker assumes that one event caused another simply because the first event happened before the second |
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| a process of reasoning by way of comparison and similarity that implies that because two things resemble each other in one respect, they also share similarities in another respect |
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| something that represents something else |
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| process of reasoning that assumes something exists or will happen based on something else that exists or has happened |
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| audience's perception of a speaker's competence and character |
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| audience's view of a speaker's intelligence, expertise, and knowledge of a subject |
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| audience's view of a speaker's sincerity, trustworthiness,and concern for the well-being of the audience |
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| argument that seems valid but is flawed because of unsound evidence or reasoning |
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| argument in which a speaker attacks a person rather his or her arguments |
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| argument that suggests something has merit because everyone else agrees with it or is doing it |
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| argument that presents only two opinions-"either a or b" - when actuallu more than two options exist; also known as false dilemma |
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| argument that mistakes a chronological relationship for a causal relationship |
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| hasty generalization fallacy |
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| arguments based on too few cases or examples to support a conclusion |
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| introduction of irrelevant information into an argument to distract from the real issues |
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| argument that claims a first step in a certain direction will inevitably lead to undesirable further steps in that direction |
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