Term
| What is the meaning of the phylum name Porifera? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the meaning name of the phylum Cnidaria? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the meaning of the phylum name Platyhelmenthes? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the meaning of the phylum name Nemtodes? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the meaning of the phylum name annelida? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What animals are included in the Porifera phylum? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What animals are included in the phylum cnidaria? |
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Definition
| hydra, jellyfish, corals, sea anemone |
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Term
| What animals are included in the phylum Platyhelmentes? |
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Definition
| planarians, flukes, and tapeworms. |
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Term
| What animals are included in the phylum Annelida? |
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Definition
| leeches, earthworms, polychaete worms, and marine worms. |
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Term
| What are the main characteristics of porifera? |
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Definition
- multicellular
- heterotrophs-filter feeders-eat phtoplankton and zooplankton
- aquatic-some fresh water; most marine
- sessile
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Term
| What type of symmetry do most sponges have? |
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Definition
| can have any type of symmetry: some are bilateral, radial, spherical, or asymetrical |
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Term
| Explain how a sponge filter feeds (include parts-osculum, ostia, collar cells, flagellum and ameobcytes) |
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Definition
Sponges are filter feeders. They constantly filter water through their bodies and eat the phytoplankton and zooplankton from water.
how they filter feed: all sponges have thousands of incurrent pores called ostia where water enters their bodies. They also have one (or more) large excurrent pore called an osculum. The pores act like a vacuum system, pushing water through the sponge. The osculum is lined with special cells called collar cells. The collar cells have flagellum sticking out of them. Amebocytes also help with digestion. |
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Term
| How do sponges asexually reproduce? |
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Definition
- budding-forms a growth on the side; it grows and pinches off to form a new adult
- fragmentation- a piece of the sponge breaks off and forms into a new adult
- reformation-sponge can be broken down into cells and cells will group back together and form back into sponge.
- regeneration(not asexual repro.) but sponges can repair missing or damaged parts.
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Term
| How do sponges sexually reproduce? |
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Definition
| sponges are hermaphrodites-they have both male and female sex organs. Cells called amoebocytes produce egg cells and sperm cells. Sponges release sperm cells into the water; they enter another sponge through the pores and fertilize the eggs of another sponge. Sponges can't fertilize their own eggs. When egg is fertilized it is released into the water; it lands and grows into an adult sponge. |
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Term
| What are the major characteristics of cnidarians? |
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Definition
- multicellular
- invertebrates
- Aquatic-all live in ocean except hydras-they live in freshwater
- heterotrophs-they are carnivores that capture, sting and eat small aquatic organisms
- two body forms:polyps&medusas
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|
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Term
| what are three main differences between a polyp and a medusa? |
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Definition
Polyp Medusa
- sessile motile
- vase-shaped phase bell-shaped phase
- tentacles=up tentacles=down
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Term
| What is the differences between cnidocytes and nematocysts? |
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Definition
| All cnidarians are covered with stinging cells called cnidocytes. The cnidocytes contain a coiled barb inside called a nematocyst. When triggered the cnidocyte releases the nematocyst- it does the actual stinging. MOst cnidocytes are located on the tentacles but they can also be distributed throughout the body. |
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Term
| What are the three body layers of cnidarians? |
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Definition
- endoderm(inner layer)
- mesoderm(middle layer)
- ectoderm(outer layer)
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Term
| How do Cnidarians capture and eat prey? (include all body parts) |
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Definition
| Tentacles wrap around prey and cnidocytes sting and kill/paralyze prey. Then they use their tentacles to push the food into their mouth and digest in the closed gut. When digestion is complete waste products exit the mouth/anus. |
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Term
| What type of feeders are most platyhelmenthes (tapeworms, flukes, and planarians)? |
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Definition
| Planarians are usually predators(carnivores) and digest food in gut; tapeworms and flukes are usually parasites and absorb nutrients directly from a host through their skin. |
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Term
| Explain how a tapeworm eats and attaches to a host. |
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Definition
| A host is infected with a tapeworm by drinking or eating contaminated food/water. The tapeworm eggs hatch and enter the blood stream. They go to the intestines. A tapeworm burrows into the lining of the intestine with the hooks and suckers on its scolex. As digested food moves through the intestines they absorb nutrients from the food directly into their skin. |
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Term
| What is the function of eyespots on a planarian? |
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Definition
| The eyespots on a planarian detect light/dark. They can NOT see images. |
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Term
| What is the difference between a proglottid and a scolex? |
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Definition
- The proglottid is each segment of a tapeworm; they each contain fertilized eggs.
- The scolex is the entire head of a tapeworm.
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Term
| How are leeches used in medicine? |
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Definition
- reduce swelling after surgery
- get red of dead blood cells and clotts
- doctors have copied their mouth chemicals to make numbing medicine.
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Term
| Explain how earthworms breathe. |
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Definition
| Earthworms breath through their skin by the process of diffusion. Their skin must stay moist for this process to work. If their skin dries out too much they suffocate and die. If there is too much water in the soil they must come to the surface for oxygen. This is why you see earthworms after a hard rain. |
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Term
| Explain how earthworms sexually reproduce (include all body parts involved) |
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Definition
| Earthworms are hermaphrodites they have both ovaries that produce eggs and testies that produce sperm cells. Two earthworms will join at the clitellum(largest segment) and swap sperm cells to fertilize their eggs. THey lay the eggs in a cocoon and baby worms hatch out of the cocoon. |
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Term
| What is the function of the setae? |
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Definition
| Earthworms eat microscopic animals in dirt. They use small hair-like structures called setae to pull themselves through the soil. As they travel through the soil eating, they oxygenate the soil and also fertilize the soil with their waste products called castings. |
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Term
| What is the function of the prostomium? |
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Definition
| THe first segment on the anterior end of the earthworm. It is used to detect smell. |
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Term
| What is the difference between the crop and gizzard(include function)? |
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Definition
- crop is an enlarged sac that stores food
- gizzard is an enlarged sac that grinds food with the use of small stones or sand grains.
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Term
| What is the function of the aortic arches in an earthworm? |
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Definition
| The aortic arches are the five swollen blood vessels that act like a heart. |
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Term
| What is the function of the clitellum? |
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Definition
| The clitellum is the large wide segment near the middle of the earthworm that contains the reproduction organs. Earthworms are hermaphrodites; 2 earthworms join at the clitellum and swap sperm cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Earthworms constantly move through the soil eating microscopic organisms in the dirt. Castings are the solid waste products that the worm leaves behind. |
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Term
| Explain two ways earthworms help improve soil. |
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Definition
- As they travel through they leave small tunnels that provide oxygen for plant roots.
- Castings fertilize the soil providing nutrients for plants.
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Term
| Explain how echinoderms move using their water vascular system (include all parts.) |
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Definition
| Water enters the echinoderm through a large pore on the dorsal side called the madreporite. The madreporite allows water to enter the ring canal(center of body) and radial canals. THe ring canal is connected to radial canals by a small connecting cannal. THe swollen top of the tubefeet are called ampullae. The ampullae fill or release water to create/release suction at the tip of the tubefeet. The suction in the tubefeet allow an echinoderm to move and capture food. |
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Term
| Explain how a starfish eats. |
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Definition
| A starfish wraps its arms around the prey(bivalve). It uses the suction in its tubefeet to prey open the shell. It sticks its stomach out of its mouth and sucks soft tissue from the shell. Then it brings its full stomach back into its body and the digestive gland produces enzymes to digest the food. |
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Term
| Explain how a sea cucumber protects itself. |
|
Definition
- Release sticky threads to scare predator
- Throw up internal organs in hopes that the predator will go after the organs; then they will hide and with in a few days regenerate their body organs.
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Term
| What are the major functions of the water vascular system? |
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Definition
- move
- breathe
- capture food
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|
Term
| What are the little "doves" in a sand dollar? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What structure makes the shell for bivalves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain how squid and octopus move (include siphon and how it works). |
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Definition
| Cephalopods push through their incurrent and excurrent siphons. To swim through the water they push water out of the excurrent siphon and swim head first through the water. Very similar to letting air out of a balloon. |
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Term
| Explain how clams(bivalves) filter feed. |
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Definition
| They filter feed with their incurrent and excurrent siphon eating microscopic zooplankton and phytoplankton from water. Palps direct food into stomach; water crosses over gills to breath. |
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Term
| Explain how you can determine the age of a clam. |
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Definition
| You count the growth lines on the shell, much like you count tree rings to determine the age of a tree. |
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Term
| Explain how cephalopods change color. Why do they do this? |
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Definition
| Cephalopods have special cells in their skin called chromatophores. The chromatophores allow them to change colors rapidly and also create patterns on their skin. They change colors to display their moods and also for camaflauge or warning coloration. |
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Term
| Explain how a bivalve makes a pearl. |
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Definition
| A grain of sand or piece of shell gets lodged in the visceral mass of a bivalve. To protect this soft tissue the mantle secretes layer after layer of mother of pearl over the foreign object until it is smooth- this becomes the pearl. |
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Term
| What is a radula? What animals have them? |
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Definition
| A radula is a tongue shaped structure that is covered with blades to scrape off plant cell layers. Gastropods(snails and slugs) have them. |
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|
Term
| How many legs do insects have? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What animals are included in the class Insecta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many body segments do insects have? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Yes; either complete or incomplete |
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|
Term
| animals included in class crustacea? |
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Definition
| crustaceans- crab, lobster, crawfish, shrimp |
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|
Term
| how many legs do crustaceans have? |
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Definition
| 10 + 1pair chelipeds(claws) |
|
|
Term
| how many body segments do crustaceans have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do crustaceans have metamorphosis? |
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Definition
Yes; (3stages)
molt to grow |
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Term
| What animals are included in the class diplopoda? |
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Definition
| diplopods- millipedes and centipedes |
|
|
Term
| how many legs do diplopods have? |
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Definition
| many- either 1 or 2 pair per segment |
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|
Term
| how many body segments do diplopods have? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| do diplopods have metamorphosis? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what animals are included in the class arachnida? |
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Definition
| arachnids- all spiders, ticks, mites and scorpions. |
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|
Term
| how many legs do arachnids have? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| How many body segments do arachnids have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do arachnids have metamorphosis? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Explain the stages of complete metamorphosis in an insect. |
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Definition
- Egg stage; hatch as...
- larva(caterpillar/worm phase-eating stage) then form...
- pupa phase (cocoon phase-body changes into adult form) then hatches as an...
- adult. Ex:bettles, butterflies, fireflies, moths
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Term
| Explain the stages of incomplete metamorphosis in an insect. |
|
Definition
- Egg stage
- nymph stage looks like adult but without wings
- adult Ex: grasshoppers, termites, cockroaches, dragonflies, damselflies
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|
Term
| What is the function of the yumpanum in an insect? |
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Definition
| eardrum-like structure used for hearing |
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|
Term
| What is the function of the spiracles? |
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Definition
| holes used for respiration. |
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Term
| What are the differences between centipedes and millipedes? |
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Definition
Centipeds
- 1 pair of legs per segment
- carnivores-worms and caterpillars=favorites
- often have poisonous fangs or pinchers
- large antennae on head
- aggressive
Millipedes
- 2 pair of legs per segment
- herbivores-eat decaying plant material
- do not have poisonous fangs or pinchers
- small antennae on head
- not aggressive
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|
Term
| What are booklungs? Include function and animals that have them. |
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Definition
booklungs are structures used for respiration.
Arachnids have them. |
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|
Term
| What is the composition of the exoskeleton of an arthropod? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the function of swimmerrets? |
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Definition
| swimmerets are small legs used for swimming; the first pair is used for reproduction. |
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Term
| How can you tell a male from a female crustacean? |
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Definition
- on a male the 1st pair of swimmerets is long
- on a female the 1st pair of swimmerets is short.
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|
Term
| How can you tell a male from a female insect? |
|
Definition
- Females have an ovipositer-a projection used for depositing eggs into soil
- Males do not have an ovipositer
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|
|
Term
| Difference between tortoise and turtle? |
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Definition
Tortoise
- have feet with claws
- live on land
- have domed shell
Turtle
- have flippers not feet with claws
- live in water
- have flatter shell.
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
- thick, short bodies
- head thicker than rest of body
- elliptical pupil
- pit on head for detecting body heat of prey
- have fangs with venom sacs
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|
Term
|
Definition
- long thin bodies
- head about the same width as the rest of the body
- circular pupil
- no pit on head for body heat detection
- have teeth not fangs
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
- smooth, moist skin; no warts
- narrower body and waist
- live near or in water
- hind leg longer for hopping and feet webbed for swimming
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Rough, warty, drier skin
- broader, flatter body
- live on land; only breed in water
- shorter hind legs; walk instead of hop
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Broad, U-shaped snout
- Bottom teeth don't show when mouth is shut
- tend to be grayish-black color
- prefer fresh or brackish water
- not as aggressive
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Narrow, V-shaped snout
- Bottom teeth show when mouth is closed
- Tend to be a light tan color
- prefer brackish or ocean water
- very aggressive
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|
Term
|
Definition
| A line of specialized skin cells that run down both sides of a fish from the head to tail. They are used to detect motion and vibration in the water. This is why it is almost difficult to catch a fish. |
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Term
| Amphibians nervous system |
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Definition
- well developed brain
- nerve cord and nerves
- tympanium(hearing)
- simple eyes
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
- well developed brain
- nerve cord and nerves
- laterial line runs down sides of fish detect movement
- simple eyes
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
- well developed brain
- nerve cord and nerves
- simple eyes
- tongue is used for taste and smell
- pit-detects body heat of animals
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|
|
Term
| characteristics of osteichthyes fish(bony fish) |
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Definition
- fish with true bones
- have scales
- have jaws
- have paired fines
- includes: catfish, bass, blue-gill, redfish, snappers, grouper, trout
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|
|
Term
| characteristics of chondrichthyes fish(cartilaginous fish) |
|
Definition
- fish with bones made of cartilage
- have jaws
- fins paired
- have denticles not scales
- includes: all sharks, skates, and rays
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|
|
Term
| characteristics of agnatha fish (jawless fish) |
|
Definition
- fish without jaws
- eel shaped
- fins are not paired
- includes: lampreys
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Term
| What is the difference between denticles and scales and give two examples of animals with each. |
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Definition
- Denticles-the small tooth-like scales that cover a cartilaginous fish. They make them fell like sand paper. They are used for protection and also for scraping prey before they feed on it. Ex:sharks, skates and rays
- Scales- small plate-like covering on bony fish. they are used for protection.Ex: grouper, trout
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|
Term
| What is a swimbladder? What is its function? And what type of fish have them? |
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Definition
| Swimbladder- an air sac that can fill or release gases to allow a bony fish to move up and down or stay in one place in the water. This air sac allows them to control their buoyancy and conserve energy. |
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Term
| What are the main characteristics of mammals? |
|
Definition
- vertebrates
- endothermic
- have hair
- nurse young with milk from mammary glands
- live birth
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Term
| Characteristics of monotremes |
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Definition
| mammals that lay eggs; the young are under developed when they hatch out, they crawl to the mammary area and drink milk from their mother until they can survive on their own. Only two types are still alive today: echidnas and duckbilled platypus. They both live in Australia. |
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Term
| characteristics of marsupials |
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Definition
mammals with pouches; they have live birth but the young are under developed; when born the young crawl into the mother;s pouch and drink milk from mammary glands until they can survive on their own.
Ex: Kangaroo, Koala bear, opossum |
|
|
Term
| characteristics of placentals: |
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Definition
mammals that have live birth; they develop inside of a placenta in the uterus. The placenta is the organ through which the fetus ges food and oxygen
Ex: humans, dogs, elephants, hamsters, horses, giraffes. |
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Term
| What are the general characteristics of cnidarians? |
|
Definition
- multicellular
- invertebrates
- aquatic-all live in ocean except hydras-they are fresh water
- heterotrophs-they are carnivores that capture sting and eat small aquatic organisms
- two body forms: polyps and medusas
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|
|
Term
| what animals are nematodes? |
|
Definition
| pinworms, hookworms(ringworms), whipworms, trichinella worm, large intestinal worm, guinea worms |
|
|
Term
| What are the major characteristics of nematodes? |
|
Definition
bilateral;round in cross section
motile
hydroskeleton
2 body layers
breath through diffusion
one-way digestive sstem |
|
|
Term
| What are the major characteristics of annelids? |
|
Definition
bilateral;round in cross section
segmented
body divided into repeating sections |
|
|
Term
| What does Echinoderm mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What animals are echinoderms? |
|
Definition
| starfish, brittle stars, sand dollars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sea lilies(crinoids) |
|
|
Term
| what are the major characteristics of echinoderms? |
|
Definition
ocean(marine)environment
radial-sea cucumber=bilateral
motile
exoskeleton
3 body layers |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 major classes in the Phylum Molluska? |
|
Definition
- Bivalvia
- Gastropoda
- Cephalopoda
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Gastropoda mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Cephalopoda mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What animals are bivalves? |
|
Definition
| clams, mussels, oysters, scallops |
|
|
Term
| What animals are gastropods? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what animals are cephalopods? |
|
Definition
| squids, octopus, cuttlefish, nautilus |
|
|
Term
| What are the major characteristics of mollusks? |
|
Definition
all mollusks have 3 distinct body parts and some have a shell.
- Foot-large, flat, muscular structure that is used for movement
- Visceral mass-large area that contains gills, gut and other internal organs
- Mantle-thin membrane that covers the visceral mass and also produces the shell
- Shell-hard outer covering on some mollusks that is used to protect their soft bodies made of calcium carbonate
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|
Term
| What are the four main classes for the phylum Arthropoda? |
|
Definition
- Insecta
- Crustacea
- Diplopoda
- Arachnida
|
|
|
Term
| What does arthropoda mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What animals are in the class insecta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What animals are in the class crustacea? |
|
Definition
| crawfish, shrimp, crab, horseshoe crab, lobster, barnacles |
|
|
Term
| What animals are in the class diplopoda? |
|
Definition
| millipedes and centipedes |
|
|
Term
| what animals are in the class arachnida? |
|
Definition
| spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What animals are amphibians? |
|
Definition
| frogs, toads, salamanders, and newts |
|
|
Term
| What are major characteristics of amphibians? |
|
Definition
vertebrates
ectothermic
smooth skin; skin must stay moist for resperation
undergo metamorphosis
3 chambered hearts
no claws on toes |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 classes of fish? |
|
Definition
- Agnatha
- Osteichthyes
- Chondrichthyes
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does Osteichthyes mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Chondrichthyes mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are major characteristics for fish? |
|
Definition
vertebrates
ectothermic
scales
gills
aquatic
3chambered heart
appendages modified into fins |
|
|
Term
| What animals are reptiles? |
|
Definition
| all snakes, alligators, turtles, tortoises and lizards |
|
|
Term
| What are the major characteristics of reptiles? |
|
Definition
vertebrates
ectothermic
scales
3 chambered heart(except alligators and crocadiles have 4 chambered heart)
claws on toes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What animals are mammals? |
|
Definition
- monotremes
- marsupials
- placentals
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an animal with no backbone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| both sides are exactly the same |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| skeleton inside the organisms body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| skeleton outside the organisms body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood not contained in blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| closed circulatory system |
|
Definition
| blood contained in blood vessel |
|
|
Term
| one way complete digestive system |
|
Definition
| food exits oppisite end that it entered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| food comes out the way it goes in |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bright colors warning organism that it is dangerous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organism that are not harmful but look as if they are |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organism's skin designed to match surroundings |
|
|
Term
| internal sexual reproduction |
|
Definition
| egg is fertilized inside female's body |
|
|
Term
| external sexual reproduction |
|
Definition
| egg is fertilized outside the female's body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reforming... what animal uses reformation? |
|
Definition
| when an animal is broken down to cellilar form it can come back together...sponge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| piece breaks off and piece will grow into new adult |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| growth will form on side then break off and form a new adult |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can grow back missing or damaged body parts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has both male and female sex organs |
|
|
Term
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Definition
| an organism that cannot make its own food |
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| an organism that makes its own food |
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| break down dead organic material |
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| eats decaying organic material |
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| has a parasite living off of it |
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| eats anything it can find |
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| eats material out of water |
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| one or more large excurrent pores. water exits |
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| small incurrent pores all over. water enters |
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| hard needle like structures used for protection |
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| central body cavity(porifera) |
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large opening
sponge lined
collar cells |
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| cells that capture and digest food |
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| same opening. part of 2 way digestive system. is the opening in which food enters and waste exits |
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| capture food. cnidocytes within tentacles used to paralyze food(sting.) After food is paralyzed in digestive system the tentacles are used to push food into mouth |
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