Term
| The field of biology that identifies and classifies is called ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The broadest, most general group into which all organisms are divided is called a ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Kingdoms are divided into _____ (singular: _____) |
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Definition
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Term
| Within each phylum there are groups called ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Classes are further divided into ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The next level is ________, which is divided into ______ (singular: _____) |
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Definition
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Term
| The plant kingdom is divided into categories called _______ instead of phyla. |
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Definition
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Term
| Linnaeus proposed using a system called _______ _______, meaning "the two-name naming." |
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Definition
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Term
| List the names of the five kingdoms. |
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Definition
| A. Animalia B. Fungi C. Monera D. Plantae E. Protista |
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Term
| A _______ _____ is a tool used for identifiying. |
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Definition
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Term
| The two-word term that comprises the scientific name Homo sapiens is an example of _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The field of biology deals with classifying organisms is ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Scientific names are made of a ____ and a species. |
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Definition
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Term
| A ________ guides users to the identification of an organism |
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Definition
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Term
| In a scientific name, the genus is never ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The category in animals that is equivalent to a division in plants is a ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Protists are a diverse group of _______ that include ________ and _______ organisms |
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Definition
| eukaryotes, unicellular, multicellular |
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Term
| _______ are particles that depend on living things to replicate. |
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Definition
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Term
| A _______ is an infectious agent made up of a core of nucleic acid and a protein coat |
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Definition
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Term
| An _____ is an additional protective coating usually made of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. |
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Definition
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Term
| A ______ is an orgainism that shelters and nourishes something. |
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Definition
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Term
| Do you think viruses are alive? Give reasons. |
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Definition
| Yes, they change and mutate, they have some living characteristics |
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Term
| A ______ is a single strand of pure RNA (they cause plant disease) |
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Definition
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Term
| A ______ is a protein molecule that can cause disease in animals. |
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Definition
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Term
| List the four parts of the HIV virus. |
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Definition
| a. Envelope b. capsid c. viral RNA d. reverse transcriptase enzyme |
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Term
| Monerans are microcopic organisms that lack a membrane-bound ______ and membrane-bound _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ is the process of exchanging genetic material through cell to cell contact. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the use of a flagella? |
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Definition
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Term
| The group of monerans that are often found living in harsh environmetns are the _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The so-called true bacteria, _______, include all other bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| Organisms that use oxygen during respiration are called _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| ______, are organisms that do not use oxygen during respiration. |
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Definition
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Term
| Monerans and other organisms that break down dead organic materials are called ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ is a relationship involving direct contact between two organisms in which at least one of the partners benefits |
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Definition
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Term
| Tell how each ot these bacteria caused diesases is transmitted. a. lyme disease b. cholera c. tetanus |
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Definition
| a. through the life of infected deer ticks. b. tingesting water contaminated by human feces c. through deep puncture wounds that are closed to air |
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Term
| The individual filaments called _____, are tubules filled with cytoplasm. |
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Definition
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Term
| Some hyphae may be divided into segments by walls called _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| This masss of tangled, interwoven hyphae that forms the body of a fungus is called a _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe a fairy ring and how it forms. |
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Definition
| a mushroom that feeds on dead plant material, it expands and consumes nutrients |
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Term
| ______ are reproductive cells that can remain dormant or develop into new organism. |
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Definition
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Term
| These reproductive structures from a fruiting body that houses the tiny spore producing ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| how do fungi differ from plants? |
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Definition
| plants are autotrophs, fungi are heterotrophs |
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Term
| Fungi act as ______ and ______ partners of humans and many other organisms |
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Definition
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Term
| When a fungus and a photosynthetic organsism "joins forces" the entity that results from the symbiotic partnership is called a ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ result from mutually beneficial relationships between plants and fungi |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ are eukaryotic, multicellular heterotrophs whose cells lack cell walls. |
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Definition
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Term
| Still others are _____, or permantently attatched to one spot. |
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Definition
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Term
| However, most sessile animals have a _____, or free moving stage in their life cycle. |
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Definition
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Term
| After many cell divisions, a zygote forms a hollow ball of cells called a ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Some cells begin to move inward from the surface of the blastula, resulting in a two-layered cuplike ball of cells called a _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| List the life functions (5) |
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Definition
| a. support and movement b. energy and waste c. respiration d. sensing the environment e. reproduction |
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Term
| The opening at the top of the sac is caled the _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Food may be digested in the collar cells or passed on to ______, cells that move through the sponge's body supplying nutrients to other cells and removing wastes. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ is a network of protein fibers. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ are tiny needlelike structures made of silicon dioxide or calcium carbonate. |
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Definition
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Term
| A ______ is a dormant mass of sponge amebocytes surrounded by protecgtive layers of spicules. |
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Definition
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Term
| A ________ is an individual organism capable of producing both eggs and sperm. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ are radially symmetrical animlas with specialized tissues and stinginig tentacles. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cnidarians have _____ _____, which means their body parts radiate from a central point. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most sponges exhibit ________; that is, they lack body symmetry. |
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Definition
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Term
| The cylinder-shaped or bell-shaped ________ has its mouth on the ventral surface and tentacles that point upward. |
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Definition
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Term
| The umbrella-shpaed or bell-shaped ________ has its mouth on the ventral surface and tentacles point downward. |
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Definition
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Term
| A _______ is a colided filament with a tiny harpoon-like barb on the end. |
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Definition
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Term
| The resulting zygote develops into a _______, or free-swimming larva. |
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Definition
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Term
| Flatworms and roundworms have bilateral symmetry and ______ tissue. |
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Definition
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Term
| when animals with _____ _______ are cut longitudinally, the result is left and right mirror images. |
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Definition
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Term
| To feed, a planarian extends a muscular tube called the _______ through the mouth. The _____ sucks in food. |
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Definition
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Term
| A ______ _____ includes muscles taht surround, and are supported by, a water filled cavity. |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes "elephantiasis"? |
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Definition
| filanae clogs the lymph vessels. |
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Term
| Mollusks share a common body plan taht includes a muscular _____, a _____ mass, and a _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______ is the soft outer tissue layer on mollusks. |
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Definition
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Term
| A ______ is a body cavity completely linde with mesoderm. |
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Definition
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Term
| Unlinke other mollusks, cephalopods have a closed _______ ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| With what structure do gastopods eat? |
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Definition
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Term
| Make a list of animals that cephalopods include. (4) |
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Definition
| a. Nautilus b. Buttllefish c. Squids d. Octupi |
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Term
| What mussel was sccidentally introduced into the Great Lakes in 1988? |
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Definition
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Term
| Earthworms, leeches, and other wormlike animals whose bodies are divided into segments are called _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Earthworms move by using small bristles called _____, which are located on the ventral side of each segment. |
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Definition
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Term
| In earthworms, wastes from cellular metabolism are excreted through tubes called ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Many polychetes ahve a pair of paddlelike structures on most body segments. the structures are called ________--from "para" meaning "almost" and "poida" meaning "feet". |
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Definition
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Term
| How many nephridia are located in an earthworm? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are "medicinal leeches" used? |
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Definition
| used to treat serious bruises |
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Term
| An _______ is a hard covering on the outside of the body, which provides both support and protection. |
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Definition
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Term
| An ________ is a framework of bones and cartilage on the inside of the body |
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Definition
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Term
| Many arthropods have _____ _____-multifaceted eyes with many separate lenses taht work together to form a single, mosaic image. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does "arthropoda" mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| Terrestrial arthropods use ______ ______ for respiration |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______ is the fuesd head and thorax, or chest region, to which legs and other appendages are attached. |
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Definition
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Term
| All crustaceans also have one pair of jaw-like appendages called _______ that chew and crush food. |
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Definition
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Term
| Air enters a urinamian's respiratory system through _______-small openings in the exoskeleton. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ is a series of changes young organisms undergo as they develop into adults |
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Definition
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Term
| A chemical used by insects for communication is called a _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ _____ live in colonies where individual insects perform specific jobs in the colony and are usually adapted structurally to do so. |
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Definition
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Term
| Other insects resemble plants or animals. This adaptation is called _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the stages of INCOMPLETE metamorphosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the stages of COMPLETE metamorphosis. |
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Definition
| a. egg b. larva c. pupa d. adult |
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Term
| A ______ _____ is a hollow tube which may have a suction-cup-like end. |
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Definition
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Term
| An animal in which a blastopore develops into a mouth is called a ______, which means "first mouth" |
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Definition
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Term
| An animal in which a blastopore develops into an anus is called a _______, whcih means "second mouth" |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes the tube feet to extend? |
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Definition
| muscles in the ampulla contract |
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Term
| What cuases tube feet to shorten? |
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Definition
| muscles in the tube feet pull up |
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Term
| Animals with a backbone are called _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Fishes, amphibians, and reptiles are _____, which means their temperature is regulated mainly by their external environment. |
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Definition
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Term
| Animals that control their temperature with internal processes are ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Which parts of this lizard skelton contain the greates number of moveable joints? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the four main characteristics that chordates share at some stage in their development. |
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Definition
| a. dorsal hollow nerve cord b. post anal tail c. notochord d. gill slits |
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Term
| What is the definition of the backbone? |
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Definition
| a series of bones called vertebrae |
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Term
| In addition to a rigid ______ and a distinct _______, all vertebrates have a ______ ______ _______ |
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Definition
| endoskeleton, skull, closed circulatory system |
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Term
| Most fishes have a ________ _______ that helps them move up and dwon in the water. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most fishes have a set of sensory organs calle the _____ ____ _____ for detecting vibrations and changes in water pressure. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the gas come from that fills the swim bladder? |
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Definition
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Term
| Even though sharks have no swim bladder, they get some of the same effect from their _____ _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______, a close relative of the coelacanth, has lungs as well as gills. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main distinguishing characteristic of Agnathans? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main distinguishing characteristic of Chondrichtyes? |
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Definition
| their skeletons are made completely out of cartilage |
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Term
| What is the main distinguishing characteristic of Osteichthyes? |
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Definition
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Term
| An _______ is a vertebrate that is well adapted to life both in water and on land. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ is a common chamber into which products of the digestive, reproductive, and exretory systems empty. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is a nictiating membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a tympanic membrane? |
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Definition
| structures located behind the frogs eyes for hearing |
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Term
| "cloaca" means _____ in Latin. |
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Definition
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Term
| What precaution is necessary for amphibian egg laying? |
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Definition
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Term
| An _____ ____ is one that provides nourishment to the embryo and protects teh embryo while it develops in a terrestrial environment. |
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Definition
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Term
| the _____ is the food source for the developing embryo |
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Definition
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Term
| The outermost membrane, called the _____, envelops the embryo, yolk, and allantois. |
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Definition
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Term
| From what material are reptilian hard, dry scales made of? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| All reptilians, except crocodiles, have a partially divided _____ chambered heart |
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Definition
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Term
| How are crocodilian hearts different from other reptiles? |
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Definition
| They ahve a four chambered heart, while others have a three chambered heart |
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Term
| What type of fertilization occurs in reptiles? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the major orders of reptiles. |
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Definition
| a. squamata b. chelonia c. crocoldilia |
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Term
| Female alligators- after the eggs hatch, the mother will often... |
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Definition
| carry the young in her mouth |
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Term
| The lower part of the esophagus enlarge to form the _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______ is a digestive organ with muscular walls that often contains small stones swallowed by the bird. |
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Definition
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Term
| In birds, the yolk is supported by a rope-like strand of albumin, called the ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The curved surace of the top of the wing cause air above the wing to... |
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Definition
| travel faster than air beneath the wing |
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Term
| The only gland that birds have in their skin is the ____ gland at the _____ of their tail. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Bird bones are very strong due to.... |
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Definition
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Term
| Birds have a _____ heartbeat and ______ blood pressure, making circulation fast and efficient. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the crop do? What is in it? |
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Definition
| a. storage area for food b. food |
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Term
| A bird has no stomach. What is it's equivalent? |
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Definition
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Term
| Shore birds have special _____ glands located near the ______. The material they discharge leaves through the ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| After an egg is ______, it travels through a passage called the _______, where it is coated with ________ and a hard shell of ____ ______ |
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Definition
| fertilized, oviduct, albumin, calcium carbonate |
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Term
| List four instinctive behaviors in birds. |
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Definition
| a. nesting b. mating c. singing d. caring for the young |
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Term
| The _____ is an endothermic vertebrate with hair. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ ____ secretes milk that nourishes the young. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ is a dome shaped sheet of muscle taht separtes the chest cavity from the abdomen. |
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Definition
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Term
| A ______ is a mammal that reproduces by laying eggs |
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Definition
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Term
| Mammals that give birth to small, immature young that further develop inside the mother's external pouch are called ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Mammals whose young develop inside the mother's body are nourished by the mothers body until birth are called _______ mammals. |
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Definition
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Term
| The time that the embryo stays inside the mother's body is called the _____ ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| As a group, mammals have the largest and most well developed ________ in the animal kingdom. |
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Definition
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Term
| What two structures increase the efficiency of the lungs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mammals, like birds have a double-loop _______ system and a ____ chambered heart. |
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Definition
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Term
| The placenta, an organ through which... (4 things) are exchanged between mother and baby. |
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Definition
| a. nutrients b. oxygen c. carbon dioxide d. waste |
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Term
| Almost all marsupials live in Austalia. Which one lives in N. America? |
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Definition
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Term
| Two of the most familiar marsupials are the _____ and the ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| How are corals similar to sponges? |
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Definition
Both are sensitive to
1. water pollution
2. changes in water temperature
3. oxygen concentrations
4. water clarity
5. the amount of sediment |
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Term
| What is one or more advantages of a closed circulatory system? |
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Definition
| blood travels inside a continuous network of vesels. provides tissues with a more controlled supply of oxygen and nutrients than does an open circulatory system. the supply of blood to different body parts can be controlled. More rapidly supplies cephalopds muscles with oxygen and nutrient-rich blood |
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Term
| Tell several ways centipedes are different from millipedes. |
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Definition
centipedes- carnivorous, one pair of walking legs per segment, occur in all habitats, primarily fast, bite can inflict pain on a human
millipedes- herbivores, two pairs of walking legs per segment, mostly in deciduous forrests, slow, harmless to man |
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Term
| What is regeneration? Name an animal that can regenerate and describe how they do it. |
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Definition
| the process of growing back a lost body part. starfish. if a leg is cut off, but has enough of the middle of the starfish, it can regenerate |
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Term
| When do Australian lungfish use their lungs? |
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Definition
| during the part of the year when rivers dry up or have low levels of oxygen |
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Term
| Three major orders of reptiles and name two example of each order/group. |
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Definition
Squamata- snakes and lizards
Chelonia- turtles and tortoises
Crocodilia- crocodiles and alligators
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