Term
| Air Mass and Severe are types of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Convectional lifting
and warm, moist unstable air |
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Term
| Air mass thunderstorms are noted by |
|
Definition
| Nice day and then sudden thunder, with no hail, little lightning, and no severe winds |
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Term
| _____ Thunderstorms noted by hail, tornadoes, stable cold dry air |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How to severe thunderstorms form |
|
Definition
Form along strong cold fronts
Stable, cold, dry air runs into warm air. |
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Term
| _____ is briefly superheated air and heated at what degree? |
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Definition
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Term
| Violent expansion of heated air creates: |
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Definition
| Sonic Boom called thunder |
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Term
| ____ is formed from cumulonimbus clouds when rain drops circulate rapidly in cloud/ Rises, freezes, falls, then rises again. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| 3 stages of thunderstorms are: |
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Definition
| Cumulus, Maturing, Dissapating |
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Term
| Warm moist unstable air mass lifted, with convection and frontal lifting that ascends and cools until the dew point is reached Forms what stage of thunderstorms |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ stage of thunderstorms is marked by continuing moist updrafts, falling rain, strong storms, and cool downdraft before rain begins |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ stage is noted by a cool air from downdraft which stops convection and stops rain and downdrafts |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ spawn from severe thunderstorm |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Aloft winds traveling in different directions at high speeds. |
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Term
| Wind shear in tornadoes causes: |
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Definition
| air mass to spin, violent updrafts in thunderstorms feed spinning, CREATES VIOLENT LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM |
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Term
| ____ Can spin in air with little effect on ground but if they touch surface, can be potentially disastrous |
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Definition
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Term
| Hurricanes are known in the pacific as____ And in the Indian ocean as_____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Hurricanes are mostly found in the ____ Latitudes and heat water to what degree |
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Definition
10 Degree North and South Lat
80 degrees farenheit |
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Term
| ____ is tropical LOW PRESSURE system with sustained winds at 75 mph where uniform mass of warm air forms over oceans |
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Definition
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Term
| Fuel for hurricanes is found in |
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Definition
| ton of latent heat released by tropical waters |
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Term
| Core of ___ is extremely low pressure where the incoming air is counter clockwise |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ____ clouds are in the eye of the hurricanes, and damage come from _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ _____ is found when water is pushed by surface winds from hurricane that builds up in front of the storm and adds 4-25 ft of water above normal tide which makes waves move farther upshore |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is the most dangerous part of the hurricane that is fed by warm ocean water, and onshore winds and is the max of the storm surge |
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Definition
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Term
| 1973, Bangladesh storm surge killed___ |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is study of climate and variability of climate and analyzes long term weathern patterns through space and time |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ greatly influences ecosystems |
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Definition
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Term
| Basic ___ ____ have huge effect on location and the extent of the world's major ecosystems |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ system was created in 1928 that is similarly used today |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ graphically shows monthly temperature and percipitation, avg annual temp, and total annual precipitaion |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ ____ ____ climate has temperatures with 5 degree range, annual precipitation of 66 in. that is constantly warm and moist with convection and heavy rain fall |
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Definition
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Term
| Heavy rain, lush evergreen broad leaf forests, and water surpluses define ___ ___ ___ |
|
Definition
| Tropical rain forest climate |
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Term
| ___ ____ climate is defined by distinct dry season, broad leaf evergreens which turn into thorn forest in dryer regioins, found mostly in coastal regions, little dryer than Tropical Rain Forest Climate |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ _____ climate is noted by being poleward of tropical rain forest climates, water shortage, and greater annual temperature range variation though still small. and dominated by grasses with scattered trees. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ climates found in mid latitudes with mild winters. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Humid Sub tropical hot summer climate is noted by moist all year, influenced by mT air masses. Avg precip is 40-80 inches per year, with greater annual temperature range than tropical rain forest. It is located in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ _____ _____ climates noted by mild winters, cool summers, and located in West coast of America, and Europe coasts. Affected by mP air masses that is cool with a lot of moisture and is unstable. Unusually mild for such high latitude |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ climates noted by wet winter and dry summer with large scale agriculture that needs irrigation, hard leafed and drought resistant plants, Often excellent wineries |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ climates noted by mid and high latitudes with cold winters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Humid Continental Hot Summer climate is different than " subtropical" hot summer climate. mT air masses bring moisture, some regions have dryer winters warm to hot summers, Large annual temp range. Good farming for wheat, Barley, Corn, Soy Beans, Hogs, Cattle Located in |
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Definition
| Chicago, Seoul, South Korea |
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|
Term
| Humid Continental mild summer climate is noted by frost free periods (90-225 days) than hot summer climates, less precip than hot summer climates, heavy snowfall recharges soil moisture, soil less fertile and thinner than in hot summer regions, Located in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ _____ climate (YellowKnife Canada or Russia) noted by very short growing season, thin soils, glacier scoured soils, Large annual temp range, moist soils, permafrost, 10 or more inches of year of precipitation, Borreal Forest, |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ and _____ climates noted by dry climates, broad region, 15-30 degrees n&s lat, dominated by sub tropical high, stable air, low relative humidity. located on western side of continents like W. Sahara, Namib desert, Atacoma Desert, Chile. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Is an extion of the dry regions of N and S America, has a rainshadow from mountains, common in Central Asia, far from water source,xerophytic vegatation which is drought resistant, waxy hard leaves that is adated to dry conditions, plants have low transpiration.
|
|
Definition
| SUbtropical High and Cold Ocean Currents |
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|
Term
| ___ ____ climate noted by true tropical and subtropical desserts with more than ten in of precip / year, avg annual temp of 64 degrees and precip has 1/2 of natural moisture demand |
|
Definition
| Hot low- latitude dessert |
|
|
Term
| ____ _____ climate is small area of world's surface like gobi desert or sw usa, 6 in year avg precip |
|
Definition
| Cold Midlatitude dessert climate |
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|
Term
| _____ ____ climate liike Baghdad, noted by arid grasslands where precip supplies over 1/2 of moisture demand and avg annual precip is usually10-20in a year |
|
Definition
| Hot Low-Latitude steppe climate |
|
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Term
| ____ _____ climate like denver noted by 30 degree north latitude but not in southern hemisphere. Variable and unependable precip like all dry and arid regions |
|
Definition
| Cold midlatitude steppe climates |
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Term
| _____ _____ is real and has been happening for 4.5 billion years |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ___- are complex sytems still not fully understood and there is a pretty good chance that humans have affected the change in it. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ are uppermost layer of earth's surface formed by influence of Parent Material, (underlying rock that has decomposed or material deposited by wind, water or ice), climate, and topography |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Soil has 4 properties called |
|
Definition
Inorganic Material
Organic Material
Water
and Air |
|
|
Term
| ____ ___ is soil property that is naturally occuring chemical events or compouds that form structure of rock underlying soil with minerals being reduced in size for plants to use as nutrients |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ ____ is soil property that comes from living and decaying organisms that accuulates in upper part of soil and is noted by HUMUS (decomposing organic matter in soil that increases soil fertility) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is soil property that is critical to soils because plants need it and more plants means more biomass which means more HUMUS and more fertile soils |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ is soil property that is between soil particles, mostly CO2, Wet soil = less ____ and vise versa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ ____ are distinct layers in a soil that results from soil formation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ horizon is uppermost horizon with mostly un-decomposed organic matter that forms with addition of organic matter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ horizon is uppermost mineral horizon with abundant HUMUS |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ____ Horizon is after A and before the B horizo. Minerals move downward from this horizon and water moves mineral downwards and is usually lighter than A or B |
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Definition
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|
Term
| __ Horizon is below E horizon and formed when minerals move downward from E horizon, deeper and thicker in climates where precip is greater |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| __ Horizon is below B Horizon with unaltered parent material that is not yet affected by soil farming processes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ Horizon is unweathered bedrock and is source of parent material |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Soil is characterized by 3 types of textures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
___ Soils have water that drains very fast
___ Soils hold water more easily
_____ Soils are best for AG and give good drainage and mix of nutrients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ are dry witght of all living organisms in an area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Climate and Plants are influenced by |
|
Definition
| Latitude, altitude, proximity to oceans, global atmospheric circulation |
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|
Term
| ____ are defineable geographic region classified and maped according to predominant vegatation and organisms of that environment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is most visible component of a biome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each biome is a community of |
|
Definition
| Plants, Animals, and micro organisms linked by energy and nutrient flow |
|
|
Term
2 different scales of ecosystems
Biomes focus on: |
|
Definition
Local scales and Regional Scale
Regional Scale |
|
|
Term
| ___ ____ vegetation is vegetaion that would occur naturally in a region i no human influence occured |
|
Definition
| Potential Natural Vegetation |
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|
Term
| ___ biomes are dominated by trees with no surplus of moisture that range from tropics in mid to high latitudes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ ____ ____ biomes are low latitudes with dense biomass, species diversity, heavy rainfall, and is most divers biome in world |
|
Definition
| Tropical Rain Forest Biomes |
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|
Term
| ____ are woody vines that use tree for support but rooted in ground |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ ___ forests and ____ biomes are relatively dry tropical env. with 50-80 inches of precip, with no evergreens, with tropical scrub vegetation that are low growing trees 10-30 ft high |
|
Definition
| Tropical Deciduous Forest and Scrub Biome |
|
|
Term
| ____ _____ ____ biome are in mid lat of NA, NE Asia, West and Coastal Europe where climate has distinct seasons and cold winter |
|
Definition
| Mid Latitude Forest Biome |
|
|
Term
There are four types of Mid Latitude Forest Biomes...
They are: |
|
Definition
Mid Lat Deciduous Forest
Mediterranean woodland and shrub forest biome
Mid lat coniferous forest
Boreal Forest Biome |
|
|
Term
| ___ ___ ___ forest is type of biome with dense network of broadleaf trees that form canopy in summer. Climates are humid subtropical hot and humid continental hot summer with sufficient moisture to support trees |
|
Definition
| Mid Lat Deciduous Forest Biomes |
|
|
Term
| ___ ____ and ____ forest Biome is located in mediterranean sea and west coast of continents with cool, wet winters, and hot , dry summers with woody shrubs and widely scattered trees |
|
Definition
| Mediterranean Woodland and Shrub Forest Biomes |
|
|
Term
| ___ ___ forest biomes are dominated by needle leaf evergreen trees in west coast and mt regions and SE us with humid subtropical hot summer and sandy areast that do not hold much water. |
|
Definition
| Midlatitude coniferous Forest Biome |
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|
Term
| ____ forest biome are subartic climates like Russia in only high latitudes with cold winters and relatively low rainfall, short growing season |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ ___ biome is low latitude dominated by grasses that contains isolated trees with a non continuous canopy with wet summer and dry winter. Shifts ITCZ and STH with season. Growing season during wet season. Vegetation dies during dry season and has a lot of wild fires |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ ____ ____ Biome has huge region of grass with warm to hot summers and cool to cold winters and grasses dormant in winter but not dead. Avg precip is 10-30 inches and are usually try |
|
Definition
| Mid Latitude Grassland Biome |
|
|
Term
| ____ biomes have avg annual precip under ten inches mostly in low latitudes but in some colder regions. Hot and dry. Centered on 30 degree lat n&s with majore desserts with xerophitic plants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Semi-Arid and Cold Desert Biomes are cold midlatitude esert climate like Nevada and Utah, Gobi Desert, Patchy vegetation with base ground. Plants are spiny which discourages animal grasing and glassy leaves that reflect solar radiation. Located in: |
|
Definition
| Western US and Central Asia |
|
|
Term
| ____ Biome Borders artic ocean at very high lat. long cold winters. Grasses, shrubs, lidans, are low lying with very fragile and easily disturbed environment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ ____ are geographical areas that contain ground water and run off to any particular stream |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ ____ is are where raised land separates adjacent drainage basins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ ____ is primary stream of drainage basin and a ____ is stream or river that flows into larger stream |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is where two streams join together |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ ____ are network of stream channels and tributaries as determined by geologic factors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ is branching drainage pattern similar to tree with areas of uniform rock that is resistant to erosion. Tributaries join at <90 degree angle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is drainage pattern with areas of folded rock geology. Tributaries flow at right angle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ is drainage pattern where streams radiate outward from a central point with a spoke like pattern. Flows from rounded upward region like a volcano |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ is drainage patterm where regions that have undergone flooding. Streams concentrated in places where exposed rock is weakest. Moves at surface along fault lines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ is drainage patttern where streams and lakes are in no discernable pattern in areas with large amounts of sediment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
___ ___ is how much water is flowing inthe stream.
______ is amount of stream discharge at any given place and time that does not include precipitation |
|
Definition
stream discharge
Base flow |
|
|
Term
____ ____ is amount of discharge at which the stream channell is full
___ ___ is level at which stream discharge begins to spill out of the channel into the surrounding area |
|
Definition
Bankful Discharge
Flood Stage |
|
|
Term
| ___ ____ is change in stream gradient (angle at wich river flows from source to mouth) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is place where stream gradient gets suddenly steeper like waterfall or rapid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ ___ is sediment carried in and by the stream |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ ___ are larger particles like sand and gravel that roll, slide, and bounce along bed of channel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ ____ is stream profile with gentile gradient that contains a lot of bed load that makes it hard for stream to move |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ _____ is when river that curves back and forth across its valley |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ create flood plain, River meanders and creates plain over which it floods |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ _____ ____ when river cuts on outside of meanders and deposits on inside of meanders |
|
Definition
| Meandering stream development |
|
|
Term
| ___ ____ is when sediment is deposited on inside of a meander |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ _____ is river that cuts into bank on outside of meander |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ when meander loop cuts into itself through to stream bank |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ _____ portion of abandoned stream channel cutoff by meanders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ ____ is small ridge that develops along edge of stream during flooding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ ____ is marshy land forming behind natural levees |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ _____ & _____ project is used to control floods larger than the 1927 MS River flood which flooded from Illinois to La. |
|
Definition
| Mississippi River & Tributaries project |
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|
Term
| ______ are passage of excess that flows past critical points on MS River |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Floodway- ____ ____ spillway is 32 mi north of N.O. and relieves pressure on levees around N.O. and floods into Ponchatrain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Floodways - _____ spillway is north of BR and diverts excess water from MS river to Atchafalaya Basin and Gulf of Mexico. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ ___ control stucture keeps MS river flowing in its channel, Wants to change channel to Atchafalays river basin and take steeper route to Gulf |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ __ when some water is lost to evaporation and water is absorbed by plants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ ____ More precip. Gravity pulls water down filling pores |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ ____ b/w water table and soil moisture zone pores are not saturated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ is impermeable body of rock that doesn't let water passs through |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is not an underground lake. It's a zone of saturation that contains a suitable amount of water for human use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ ____ top of zone of saturation usually not visible - undergound |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ ground surface meets water table. Water seeps out at surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ _______ water from a confined aquifer rises to surface through natural pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ are found in regions with abundant sandy deposits that fill with water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ ____ irrigation was during the 1950's with large pump at center that was 1/4-1/2 mile long |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ aquifer is in N La and SE Ar. Water removed faster than can be naturally recharged. Water table drops as it is removed 72 million gallons lost in N. La per day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Large amount ofngroundwater removed, most obvious surface charge, subsidence is the setteling or sinking of a surface as a result of the loss of support from underlying rocks |
|
Definition
| Groundwater and Subsidence |
|
|
Term
| Built on deposits of sand, gravel, clay, and silts. City expanded over centuries and added more buildings, the weight of the buildings compacted the deposits, groundwater removal made the problem worse. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Subsidence of 9 meters due to the removal of groundwater. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Countries with subsidence problems.... |
|
Definition
| China, Russia, Central Asia, India, Austrailia, North Africa, U.S. |
|
|
Term
| Ground water shortage in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of pollution is carried with rainfall through soils and into zone of saturation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Factories
Dumps
Septic Systems
Mining
Chemicals |
|
|
Term
| River Deltas, River Mouth, and Delta are examples of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ delta is known as bird foot delta and has distributories that drain away from river channel unlike tributaries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ are oscillations in body of water that form mostly from frictional forces of wind blowing across the surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as wave reaches ____ ____ vertical space of wave decreases and wave height increases causing "Breakers" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ proceses are process through which sediment is transported and deposited in the shore zone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ _______ Current that develops parallel to the coast when waves approach at an oblong angle forward momentum is deflected |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ _____ is transport of sediment by longshore current |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is the surgeof surf flowing onto and up the beach at an angle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is water from surf mving back to ocean at right angle to shore |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is zig zag pattern of sediment transported by swash and backwash along beach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ ____ are elongated sand bars that form parallel to the shore that move |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ are low walls built at right angle to shore that extends a short distance into water to capture sediment in longshore current |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is vertical structure built on coast usually where a dune might occur to stop erosion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ when all shore is a sea wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ ___ is ringing new sand to beaches to replace sand lost to erosion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| La has lost ____% of coastal wetlands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Loss of coastal wetlands in La causes |
|
Definition
| ruining of fishery, energy impacts, and hurst coastal ports |
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|
