Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Final
Study Guide Final
90
Criminal Justice
Undergraduate 1
12/09/2012

Additional Criminal Justice Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
c)most politically powerful segment of the society
Definition
according to conflict model, what is deemed criminal activity is determined by
Term
c) victimless crime
Definition
public order crime is sometimes referred as
Term
d) misdemeanors
Definition
4th largest layer of wedding cake model is
Term
c) states and federal govt.
Definition
prisons are administered by
Term
c) 2
Definition
how many independent judicial systems are in the US
Term
d) protects individuals from power of state
Definition
due process model
Term
b) work group
Definition
text refers to the judge, prosecutors, and defense attorneys in a criminal court as the court's
Term
c) anomie
Definition
strain theory has its roots in the concept of
Term
a) repeat victimization
Definition
the idea that certain people are more likely to be victims of crime that others is called
Term
d) beyond the control of the individual
Definition
For the positivist, behavior is
Term
rational decision making process
Definition
Classical theorists believe that a crime was an expression of a person's
Term
theory
Definition
an explanation of observation, experimentation, and reasoning
Term
labeling theory
Definition
which of the following is a social process theory
Term
d) give an incentive not to harm people
Definition
In Bentham's classical criminology punishment aims to
Term
d) power
Definition
social conflict theory focuses on
Term
b) repeat victimization
Definition
routine activities theory includes all of the following except
Term
c) 4
Definition
the modal penal code provides for ____ degrees of felony
Term
a) beyond a reasonable doubt
Definition
civil law involves all of the following except
Term
d) private individual
Definition
civil law is concerned with disputes between entities and
Term
d) the census
Definition
self report survey are collected by all of the following except
Term
c) dark figure of crime
Definition
a term used to describe the actual amount of crime that takes place
Term
b) proof beyond reasonable doubt
Definition
Proof of guilt in a criminal case requires
Term
b) property crimes
Definition
moajority of Part 1 offenses commited in the US are
Term
b) African american
Definition
which group is most likely to have victims of homocide
Term
involuntary
Definition
alcohol intoxication can be used as defense when
Term
rehabilitate criminal offenders
Definition
which of the following is not one of the functions of criminal law
Term
fifth
Definition
the amendment ___ protects against double jeopordy
Term
14th
Definition
The ______ amendment requires states to adhere to the bill of rights
Term
test for sanity
Definition
M'gNaughten rule is
Term
accomplice liability
Definition
___ makes it possible to convict a person of a crime they didn't really commit
Term
reflect norms and values of society
Definition
prurpose of social function of law
Term
code of hammurabi
Definition
one of the earliest written law was
Term
protect and punish
Definition
legal function of the law
Term
1968
Definition
community era of policing began in
Term
merit based compensation
Definition
police professionalism model emphasizes all of the following except
Term
investigate tax and welfare fraud
Definition
historically state police agencies were created to do all of the listed except
Term
reform
Definition
wickersham commission is associated with which era of reform
Term
metropolitan era
Definition
which of the following is not of one of the three eras of American policing
Term
enforce laws
Definition
in the pulic's mind, police's role is to
Term
controlling certain groups of people
Definition
policing efforts in in the first American cities were directed towards
Term
department of treasury
Definition
the internal revenue service is organizes under the
Term
courage
Definition
which of the following is not a category of ethical dilemma listed in the text
Term
deadly force
Definition
force applied by a police officer that is likely or intended to cause death
Term
1.6
Definition
the use of force by police officers occurs in about _____ percent of all police public encounters
Term
CODIS
Definition
a database containing DNA profiles
Term
socialization
Definition
the process through which a police officer is taught the values and expected behavior of the police subculture is called
Term
police cynicism
Definition
the suspicion that citizens are weak, corrupt, and dangerous is called
Term
fingerprints
Definition
DNA can be found in all of the following except
Term
chain of commands
Definition
according to the text, delegation of authority is a critical component of
Term
sufficient evidence for conviction
Definition
what is the most important factor a prosecutor considers when deciding on criminal prosecution
Term
serve as advocate for the defendant
Definition
what is the defense attorney's largest responsibility?
Term
sufficient evidence for conviction
Definition
which of the following is the most important factor when prosecutor onsiders whether or not to proceed with a prosecution
Term
Gideon v wainwright
Definition
which case did the US Supreme Court holds that the state must provide counsel to those who cannot afford to hire one for themselves
Term
conference ntoes and transcripts
Definition
all of the following are found in the US supreme court except
Term
4
Definition
how many women have been confirmed and seated as a US supreme court justice
Term
judge
Definition
the dominant figure of the courtroom work group is
Term
reviewers of cases concerns with questions of law
Definition
courts have appellate jurisdiction act as
Term
retribution
Definition
the court's crime control function emphasizes punishment and
Term
tax court
Definition
as listed in the text which of the following is not considered a state specialty court
Term
it results lack of diversity on the bench
Definition
one criticism of merit selection is that
Term
closure rates rise
Definition
case overload has been linked to all of the following situatuions except
Term
court clerk
Definition
which member of the courtroom work group is responsible for the large amount of paperwork generated during a trial
Term
sufficient evidence for conviction
Definition
which of the following is the mot important factor when prosecutor consider whether or not to proceed wit a prosecution
Term
attorney general
Definition
what title is given to the chief law officer of the state
Term
vertical overcharging
Definition
when the prosecutor raises the level of the charges above where it should be in orer to induce a plea bargain, they are participatinf in
Term
voters
Definition
as an elected official the prosecutor must answer to
Term
indictment
Definition
if a grand jury finds that probable cause exists they will issue an ___ against the defendant
Term
relevant
Definition
what type of evidence tends to make a fact in question more or less probable than it would be without the evidence
Term
real
Definition
what type of evidence is offered to establish, by inference, the likelihood of a fact that is in question
Term
direct
Definition
what type of evidence establishes the existence of a fact that is in question without relying on infference
Term
real
Definition
what type of evidence is brought into court and seen by the jury, as opposed to evidence that is described for the jury
Term
2
Definition
when a witness takes the stand to offer testimony during a criminal trial, both the defense and the prosecutor have ___ oppurtuniteies toquestion them
Term
murder
Definition
what crime is exempt from the statue of limitations
Term
beyond a reasonable doubt
Definition
the standard of guilt in criminal trials is
Term
to speak the truth
Definition
voir dire translates from French as
Term
allen v us
Definition
In which case did the US supreme court set forth rules whereby a judge may send a deadlocked jury back to the majority view
Term
individualized deterrence
Definition
a form of deterrence that is designed to prevent the offender from offending agains is
Term
sentencing
Definition
___ occurs when an imate is awarder early release
Term
85%
Definition
under truth in sentencing laws what percentage of the sentence omust be served
Term
creative sentencing
Definition
non traditional sentences such as yoga classes for offenders with anger isues is an example of
Term
jury
Definition
in states with indeterminate the prisoners sentence is determined by
Term
jury
Definition
application of the death penalty is determined by
Term
trust
Definition
the ideal probation officer offender replation Is based on
Term
traffic school
Definition
the fastest growing pretrial deiversion program in the US is
Term
more than half
Definition
according to the national institute of corrections what percentage of probation officers have been
Term
a judge as a neutral and detached body
Definition
the sentence handed down at a probation evocation hearing is determined by
Term
$3 billion
Definition
forfeiture as an intermediate sanction is seized by federal law enforcement each year. What is annual approximate value
Term
GB
Definition
day reporting centers first used in
Term
recidivism rates for offenders in home
Definition
all of the following are criticisms of home confinement programs except
Term
home incarcertaion
Definition
which intermediate sanction requires offenders to remain home at all times
Supporting users have an ad free experience!