Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Final
EGC 820
112
Education
Graduate
07/05/2012

Additional Education Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
teacher efficacy
Definition
a teacher’s belief that he or she can reach and help even difficult students to learn.
Term
teacher accountability
Definition
teachers responsibility to parents, board of education, and the general public for student learning.
Term
performance based teaching
Definition
Teacher’s responsibility to students to ensure that they learn, It changed the role of the teacher no longer could it be teacher student, now the student has to learn and be able to apply
Term
pedagogy
Definition
is the holistic science of education. It may be implemented in practice as a personal, and holistic approach of socializing and upbringing children and young people
Term
authentic learning
Definition
assignments and assessments that reflect real needs and problems that students will encounter outside the classroom
Term
active learning
Definition
process whereby students are mentally and physically active in learning through activities that involve gather data, thinking, and problem solving
Term
mainstreaming / inclusion
Definition
the educational and social integration of children with special needs into the school wide instructional process, usually in general classroom
the practice of ensuring that all students with disabilities participate with other students in all aspects of school
Term
NEA
Definition
national education association
Term
data driven instructions
Definition
the practice of using assessment data measuring student performance to evaluate and change instructional practice so that all students succeed
Term
AFT
Definition
American federation of teachers
Term
How are the NEA and the AFT alike? Different?
Definition
NEA was founded “to elevate the character and advance the interest of the profession of teaching and to promote the cause of education in the United States, while the AFT wants to improve the lives of their members and their families, to give voice to legitimate professional, economic, add social aspirations. They are alike in that they want to better their community.
Term
merit pay / performance pay
Definition
pay based on meritorious service, performance, and or special assignments / salary increases based on student achievement and classroom performance, Gradually replacing the term merit pay
Term
standards based education
Definition
instruction aimed at providing students the specific skills and levels of competency necessary to move through the educational system.
Term
looping
Definition
a nontraditional approach to learning in which the teacher moves from grade to grade with students.
Term
Carnegie Unit
Definition
a credit awarded for successfully completing a high school course and used in determining graduating requirements and college admissions. 7 classes a year
Term
block scheduling
Definition
school class schedules that provide students longer period of time, for example, four ninety minutes classes each day. 8 classes a year 4 per semester
Term
Explain the difference in primary and elementary
Definition
Primary is k through 3 while elementary is 4-6
Term
Explain the difference in middle school and junior high
Definition
Middle school enrolls students 6-8 grades ages 10-14 while junior high 7 and 8 or 8 and 9.
Term
List 5 types of alternative schools
Definition
1 at-risk students 2 parental choice 3 magnet schools, 4 private for profit schools 5 charter schools
Term
charter school
Definition
provide free public elementary/secondary education under a charter granted by the state legislature or other appropriate authority
Term
Global education / multicultural education
Definition
Global is using outside resources, ME is targeting all students to make sure equal chance at excelling.
Term
Transformative knowledge
Definition
the facts, concepts, and themes that challenge mainstream academic knowledge and revise established theories and explanations.
Term
Equity
Definition
in education, is the study and achievement of fairness in education. The study of educational equity is often linked with the study of excellence and equity. Fairness is often equated with equality, but equity deals with accommodating and meeting the specific needs of specific individuals. Such needs-based accommodation will not result in equal treatment of all students.
Term
Equality
Definition
which demands that children face equal prospects for educational achievement regardless of their social background or their natural level of talent.
Term
Title IX
Definition
part of education amendments of 1972 that prohibits exclusion on the basis of sex from participation in or benefits of any education programs or actively receiving federal funding
Term
ELL
Definition
student whose primary language is not English (English Language learners)
Term
LEP
Definition
limited English proficiency
Term
SES – meaning of acronym; what 3 factors determine SES?
Definition
Socioeconomic status- Family income, maternal education level, and family occupation
Term
What is the difference in sex and gender?
Definition
"Sex” refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women.
“Gender” refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women.
Term
IDEA - what is the main purpose of this legislation?
Definition
Individuals with disabilities education act!!! Purpose a federal act providing a free and appropriate education to disabled youth between ages 3 and 21
Term
“students with disabilities"
Definition
– children with physical impairments (hearing speech or language, visual, orthopedic) or mental, emotional impairments (mental retardation, autism, emotional disturbance, traumatic brain injury) or specific learning disabilities and who, by reason thereof, need special education and related services.
Term
IEP
Definition
individualized education program a plan for meeting an exceptional learner’s educational needs that specifies goals, objectives, services, and procedures for evaluation progress.
Term
ADHD
Definition
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder –children with ADHD have an unusual degree of difficulty with attention and self-control, which leads to problems with learning, social functioning, and behavior that occur in more than one situation and that have been present for a significant length of time.
Term
Differentiated instruction
Definition
using a variety of methods, materials, and activities to meet the learning needs of all students.
Term
Students-at-risk
Definition
students whose living conditions and backgrounds place them at risk for dropping out of school
Term
Delinquency
Definition
behavior that violates the rules and regulations of society
Term
Autism
Definition
They require support with social interaction and behavior issues
Term
Asperger’s syndrome
Definition
more common in boys, and affects a child’s ability to socialize and communicate. Normal intelligence but have problems with social interaction and abstract concepts.
Term
Voucher
Definition
funds allocated to parents to be used to purchase education for their children at public or private schools in the area
Term
Charter school
Definition
an independent public schools designed to enhance efforts at improving and reforming public schools
Term
Name some of the stakeholders in public education in America.
Definition
Political interest groups, business and industry, professional organizations and teachers, parents, students, and community groups
Term
List 2 schools that are run directly by the federal government.
Definition
a. DODDS (department of federal defense schools), b. Armed services operate an extensive system of child care and c.some private and public schools
Term
What parts of the U.S. Constitution support or deal with education?
Definition
The first amendment, the 4th amendment and the 14th amendment
Term
Describe 2 examples of how the federal Executive Branch has influenced education
Definition
NCLB, DOE, NASBE State standards board and NGA (national governors’ association
Term
What are the responsibilities of state standards boards?
Definition
Setting statewide curriculum standards, determining qualifications for professional education personnel, including teacher certification, making recommendations on state education statutes, adopting standards to ensure equal access and dues process, undertaking quasi-legislative and judicial function, administrating federal assistance programs, formulating standards on school facilities
Term
What are the main responsibilities of state Departments of Education?
Definition
Overseeing public and private elementary, secondary and vocational education, working cooperatively with the state legislature, providing for and promoting staff development, conducting public relations, monitoring school compliance with state regulations
Term
What are the responsibilities of local boards of education?
Definition
to provide the best possible education for everyone, how to achieve this goal, how much to spend, and what to spend it on are the issues of local level
Term
school-based management -–(SBM)
Definition
governance process based on the premise that people who are affected by decisions should be involved in making them; also called site based management.
Term
What are the main sources of school funding?
Definition
State Taxes (sales tax)(look up should be property taxes)
Term
categorical (block) grants
Definition
federal government support of the public schools that comes through specific legislation designed to help particular groups of students; sometimes called block grants.
Term
What kinds of taxes/funding are collected to support education at the state level?
Definition
Local property taxes main one but also could include sales taxes, income taxes, inheritance taxes, various license and occupational fees and state lotteries.
Term
flat grants
Definition
provide equal funding based on a district’s average daily attendance, which is established during “count week,” generally during October and February; some sates give variable amounts of funding based on particular needs
Term
foundation grants
Definition
grants based on the property values in a school district, funding is usually in inverse relation to community wealth; school districts in poorer communities with low property values receive more grant funding than do school districts in more affluent communities.
Term
Most local funding comes from _________taxes.
Definition
property
Term
impact fees
Definition
a fee that is implemented by a local government on a new or proposed development to help assist or pay for a portion of the costs of providing sewer, water, police and fire protection, schools and other public services
Term
funding equity (relationship to KERA)
Definition
involves issues of equable funding relates to the unequal ability of school districts to pay for quality education. Some states provide additional funding to compensate for school districts’ inability to adequately fund education.
Term
Regressive taxes
Definition
tax imposed in such a manner that the tax rate decreases as the amount subject to taxation increases.
Term
Progressive taxes
Definition
is a tax by which the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount increases
Term
The First Amendment usually applies to what type of school issues?
Definition
Issues relating to freedom of religion and speech
Term
The Fourth Amendment usually applies to what type of school issues?
Definition
Basic privacy and security rights
Term
The Fourteenth Amendment usually applies to what type of school issues?
Definition
Due process means that the deferral, state and local governments can deprive a person of life, liberty, or property only after following a fair decision making process.
Term
1962 - What Supreme Court case changed the role of religion in schools?
How?
Definition
? Engle v. Vitale public school officials could not require pupils to recite a state composed prayer at the start of each day
Term
establishment clause
Definition
The clause of the First Amendments that states: :congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of relations. “wall of separation between church and state”
Term
What are the 3 parts of the “Lemon” Test (1971)?
Definition
1. does it have a secular purpose? 2. Does it advance of inhibit religion? 3. Does it excessively entangle government and religion?
Term
de jure segregation
Definition
segregate according to the law- that is, segregation that exists because of laws requiring or permitting it.
Term
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?
Definition
Separate but equal, basically things could be segregated but had to be equal quality
Term
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)?
Definition
That State-sanctioned segregation in public schools violates the equal protection of the 14th amendment.
Term
de facto segregation
Definition
segregation resulting from individual choices of neighborhoods; also known as “natural” segregation
Term
What was the purpose of involuntary bussing in the 1970s?
Definition
That it was a legitimate means of achieving school integration
Term
What are the 3 main legal issues concerning school finance?
Definition
1. Equitable distribution of money among affluent districts (usually suburban districts) and less affluent districts (usually inner city districts) 2. The ability of wealthy districts to tax low and spend high. 3. The responsibility of the states to provide adequate educational opportunities for all the children of the states, not just those in affluent districts.
Term
in loco parentis
Definition
the theory that the state, in the school context, acts “in the place of parents”
Term
tort
Definition
wrongful acts
Term
3 kinds of tort
Definition
Negligence, intentional torts, strict liability
Term
When is a teacher negligent?
Definition
When they fail to use proper standards and care to protect students or fail to foresee and correct potential harm in a situation.
Term
Federal definition of child abuse
Definition
-"Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation"; or "An act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm."
Term
What does federal law require teachers do in cases of child abuse?
Definition
Are required to report cases of abuse, they are also protected from being sued for reporting suspected cases.
Term
Federal definition of sexual harassment
Definition
It is unlawful to harass a person (an applicant or employee) because of that person’s sex. Harassment can include “sexual harassment” or unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical harassment of a sexual nature.
Term
When is photocopying allowed?
Definition
Teachers may make single copies of material for their own use and research. They may make multiple copes if each copy carries a notice of copyright.
Term
When is photocopying NOT allowed?
Definition
Is not permitted when it replaces anthologies, is from a consumable product such as a workbook, is intended to replace books, or when students are charged for the copies they make beyond what it cost to copy the materials
Term
What are the rules concerning taping TV broadcasts?
Definition
Must receive permission in advance to copy TV, can be kept for 45 days.
Term
tenure
Definition
the right to permanent employment after serving a probationary period of successful teaching, ranging in length from 3 to 5 years
Term
Academic freedom -In what areas is it limited?
Definition
the right of teachers to teach what and how they want without constraint from others. Evolution (science) Religion is limited
Term
Free Speech and Dress Codes - Overall, how are the First Amendment rights of students limited?
Definition
Students cannot post, say or do things that will be considered harassment, they also have to follow a dress code as long as it is set to reasonable standards of dress and appearance. Clothing may not condone, advertise, depict, or promote the use of alcohol, tobacco, or drugs.
Term
How do the due process provisions of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments apply to students?
Definition
both provisions require that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property by the government without due process of law.
Term
What is the difference in suspension and expulsion?
Definition
Suspension is the short-term denial of school attendance as well as limiting participation in regular courses and school activities. Expulsion the removal of the student from the supervision and control of the school
Term
Who has access to students’ records?
Definition
Parents and students over the age of 18
Term
What student groups must not be discriminated against?
Definition
Gender and sexual identity, English language learners (ELLs), special education, and AIDS
Term
Traditional public forum / limited or designated public forum / nonpublic forums – what is
the difference? – be ready to respond to a scenario like the ones in class
Definition
A public forum, also called an open forum, is open to all expression that is protected under the First Amendment. A nonpublic forum is not specially designated as open to public expression. For example, jails, public schools, and military bases are nonpublic forums (unless declared otherwise by the government). Such forums can be restricted based on the content of the speech, but not based on viewpoint.according to the Supreme Court, is a forum set aside by government for expressive activities. Like a traditional public forum, content-based speech restrictions in a designated public forum are subject to strict scrutiny. The government may, of course, impose time, place, or manner regulations consistent with the test laid out in cases such as Ward v Rock Against Racism
Term
Standards
Definition
statements of what all students should know and be able to do.
Term
Alignment-
Definition
the arrangement of standards, curriculum, and test so they are in agreement
Term
Why do Texas and California have a big impact on textbooks?
Definition
Because the whole state has adopted textbooks to be used across every school and since they are large states with a huge population and by federal requirements school districts can only purchase textbooks from adopted list they can use funds to meet each school.
Term
NAEP – what does acronym stand for? What is purpose of organization?
Definition
National assessment of educational progress! only national test that assesses what America’s students know and can do
Term
norm-reference grading
Definition
often called “grading on a curve” each student’s achievement is compared to every other student’s achievement in the class. This comparison can result in a ranking of students.
Term
criterion referenced grading
Definition
each student’s performance is compared to his or her performance on the standards, regardless of how well other students perform.
Term
Proficient – what does it mean to you? to Kentucky teachers? in No Child Left
Behind?
Definition
all teaching has to focus on the student, so am I proficient if I strive to meet their needs both in and out of the classroom? A test can show whether or not I know my subject matter and maybe whether or not I have learned about things like classroom management and school politics, but I don't think it can demonstrate whether or not I am proficient at teaching.
Term
AYP
Definition
adequate yearly progress- the definition established by each state to determine the progress of each school district and school.
Term
- 4 basic curricula – names and definitions
Definition
explicit curriculum,hidden curriculum, null curriculum, and extracurriculum
Term
explicit curriculum
Definition
the behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge schools intend to teach students
Term
hidden curriculum
Definition
the behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge the school culture unintentionally teaches students.
Term
null curriculum
Definition
the intellectual processes and subject content that schools do not teach.
Term
extracurriculum
Definition
noncredit activities that are over and above the required curriculum
Term
- what, exactly, does “scientifically based research” mean
Definition
Research that involves applying rigorous, systematic, and objective produces to obtain reliable and valid knowledge relevant to education activities and programs.
Term
direct instruction
Definition
highly structured, teacher-centered strategy that capitalizes on such behavioral techniques as modeling, feedback, and reinforcement to promote basic skill acquisition, primarily in reading and mathematics.
Term
nondirect instruction
Definition
any form of instruction that is not transmitted directly to the students by the teacher.
Term
NCLB
Definition
No child left behind
Term
- What are the main provisions of the NCLB law?
Definition
reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which included Title I, the government's flagship aid program for disadvantaged students.[5] NCLB supports standards-based education reform based on the premise that setting high standards and establishing measurable goals can improve individual outcomes in education. The Act requires states to develop assessments in basic skills. States must give these assessments to all students at select grade levels in order to receive federal school funding. The Act does not assert a national achievement standard; standards are set by each individual state.[6] NCLB expanded the federal role in public education through annual testing, annual academic progress, report cards, teacher qualifications, and funding changes.[5]
Term
When did NCLB start?
Definition
2001
Term
NCLB what is it
Definition
a federal program designed to have students proficient in math and reading by the year 2013-2014
Term
KERA
- What is it?
Definition
Kentucky education reform act
Term
KERA when did it start
Definition
1990
Term
KERA - What are the main provisions of this law?
Definition
use basic communication and mathematics skills for purposes and situations they will encounter throughout their lives.
develop their abilities to become responsible members of a family, work group, and community, including demonstrating effectiveness in community service.
Term
What legal event caused KERA to be created and passed?
Definition
Rose v. Council for Better Education
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