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FINAL
1800's 1900's charleston
65
Architecture
Undergraduate 1
12/10/2010

Additional Architecture Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
the 18th century witnessed the birth of the ___, the movement in which scientists and mathematicians laid the foundations for the modern achievements in their fields
Definition
enlightenment
Term
During the 18th century, historians/architects traveled extensively to southern europe to study and measure classical ruins. the result would create the ______ period,
Definition
neo-classicism
Term
the industrial revolution begain in _____ and it touched everything, positively and negatively. as for architecture what three main issues did the I.R. change?
Definition
1750
new materials, technologies,systems of construction
Term
Neo-classicism plus the I.R. led to a countercurrent style called _____. List one element that describes this style._______
one element that describes neo-classicism.__
one element that describes the I.R.
Definition
Romanticism
Emotional relief
emotionless
inventive
Term
______ was a plantation located in Chas, SC, is one of the finest and best preserved Georgian Palladian houses in the nation.
Definition
Drayton Hall
Term
John Drayton designed Draton Hall. He wasnt an architect but he used a pattern book by Andrea Palladio called ____
Definition
4 books of architecture
Term
What does NEO mean in NEO-classical?_______
Name an excavation site and book that influenced Neoclassicism. ____
Definition
revival
pompeii, on confucious and the q'uran
Term
The famous french architectural school, ------ was founded in 1671.
Definition
Ecole des Beaux-Arts
Term
Ecole des Beaux arts placed emphasis not on the style at the time, neoclassicism, but the ====== thought process a great weakness of the Ecole was its apparent lack of concern for developing =======.
Definition
architectural design
technologies
Term
What ewas the most important new building material discovered during the MIDDLE of the 19th century?
Definition
Iron
Term
Who was the architect of the City Hall in Chas?
Definition
Gabriel Manigault
Term
Explain how the Neoclassic, Altesmuseum, by Karl Friedrich Schinkel, of Berlin, Germany relied on the elements of Greek architecture in both plan and the exterior elevation?
Definition
high colonnade that spanned the entire width with a high plinth , in plan it had a central rotunda like the pantheon with flanked temple forms, the whole from was a stoa
Term
the architect for the Biltmore Mansion, located in Asheville, NC was -------- and is designed in the ------- style.
Definition
Richard Morris Hunt
Chateauesque
Term
What new technolgies did he Richard Morris Hunt use in the Biltmore Mansion?
Definition
Light bulbs, fire alarm systems, indoor plumbing, telephone, elevator
Term
Benjamin Latrobe designed the Blatimore Cathedral in 1805-1818. Two designs chemes were provided for review, Roman and Gothic, Why was Roman version selected?
Definition
roman design was forward looking neoclassical which represented the new republic. gothic was too dark ages and too in the past.
Term
What tower gained fame during the Paris internation expositon of 1889? and what design element, whih was demonstrated for the first time in large scale made this tower so thrilling to the piblic and artistic elite?
Definition
eiffel tower
the passenger safety elevator
Term
what is so unique oabout thomas jeffersons utilitarian spaces at his private home, monticello?
Definition
he put the service functions close to the house but below the grade of the lawn so they were not in view. he had two walkways and water running to the cistern
Term
from 1875 onward, ===== began to replace both cast and wrought iron in construction becuase its ----- and ---- strength exceeded those of iron and wwas cheaper to produce
Definition
steel
tensile
compressive
Term
at UVA, ------ designed a U shaped campus plan linked by colonnades, in the ---- order and punctuated by larger pavilions. He planned for the design of each pavilion to serve a purpose to ----- students about different orders of classic architecture. he designed the library, at half scale, to the ----- to serve as the focal point of the design. he asked other architects, including --- to contribute designs for the pavilions.
Definition
Thomas Jefferson
Tuscan
Teach
pantheon
Benjamin Latrobe
Term
The oldest building on the UVA campus, is pavilion --- and is the only pavilion with an arcade, which seems to continue the one story covered walkway.
Definition
VII
Term
The =---- bridge was designed by John Roebling. It is a --- fot clear span suspension bride. ----- radiate from the towers providing wind bracing and are probably strong enough to carry the brides load by themsevles should the main cables break.
Definition
Brooklyn
diagonal staves
Term
from 1865, architects in ---- and ----- developed an original building type, called the skyscraper.
Definition
NY
Chicago
Term
name two cultural reasons the skyscraper was developed?
Definition
rise in urban realestate value
desire for business to be close to commerce
Term
name two technical improvements that allowed the skyscraper to be developed?
Definition
fireproof technologies
mass produced elements
Term
who introduced the European iron I section, now known as wide flange section for steel framing?
Definition
James Bogartus
Term
Who is generally credited with the early development of the skyscraper and which building did he design?
Definition
William LeBaron Jenny
Home insurance company building
Term
Joseph aspdin developed this material in 1824 after it had fallen into disuse for over 1400 years?
Definition
Portland cement
Term
A hyperboloid is a circular vault created by revolving an arch around its axis?
Definition
False. elliptical hyperbola
Term
many designers were becoming concerned about the decline of artistic standards in the late 19th century and this became the heart of a movement called ------ and the leader of this activist group in England was -----.
Definition
Arts and Crafts
William Morris
Term
The Art zNouveau period is nurtured by a variety of style includings ------ and -=====
Definition
arts and crafts
later baroque
Term
antonio gaudi was a gothic revivlaist
Definition
true!
Term
Sagrada Familia, designed by ======, from 1882 to ===, has many Gothic overtones. Name two of these architectural elements. _ _
Definition
present day
antonio gaude
tall spires-vertical emphasis
Term
name the three grand facades of Sagrada Familia and what they were dedicated or designed to represent
Definition
nativity facade- birth of jesus
passion facade-suffering of jesus during crucifiction
glory facade- glory of jesus, road to heaven, hell, god, death, judgement, glory.
Term
What is Porphyry?
Definition
ancient egyptian rock that is very course and contains crystals.
Term
how many spires with Sagrada Familia have when done and who do they rep?
Definition
18 spires
12 apostles
4 evangelists
virgin mary
jesus
Term
in 1890 a commission from Ellis Wainwright gave ===== and his firm the first opportunity to design a skyscraper and his treamment of using terracotta---- under each window and repetive patterns and became an example for much later high rise construction
Definition
Louis Sullivan
spandrels
Term
if iron was hammered into shape instead of cast, it is known as ----- iron. its super===== propertiess made it much better than cast iron for beams.
Definition
wrought
tensile strength
Term
William Morris established workshops where artist craftsman could create -====, ---, ----- using handcrafted techniques
Definition
wallpaper
textiles
furniture
Term
after a major fire in ---- , a great period of rebuilding began. This is when we see the develp[ment of specific style of traditional home called the ==---
Definition
1749
charleston single house
Term
explain in essay format the plan and elevaton of a charleston single house including architectural elemtns and cultural elemtns key to the design of this house
Definition
1 room deep 3 wide
piazza on west of south
take advantage of southwest breezes
piazza door facade to central hallway
room on each side on first+2nd floors
complaints w/ additions passing through bedrooms
entertain on front piazza-door facade for privacy from street
limited windows for privacy from neighbors
kitchen, stables, privy (outhouse)
Term
what is the architectural use for a shutter dog?
Definition
holds a shutter open
Term
a charleston single house is defined as much by its ----- and ---- as it is by its structure
Definition
lot organization
its dependencies
Term
the kitchen located in an original Charleston single house and why?
Definition
the kitchen was located behind the main house because of fire. Usually right behind the house
Term
the charleston double house is characterized by a ==== hallway with two ==== on each side. name the example that was discuessed. =====
whys it called this?
Definition
central
rooms
heyward-washington house
because thomas heyward would rent this house out when he came to charleston and george washington stayed their for a week
Term
historic brick is waterproof and has proteted the buildings of Charleston for centuries. T F
Definition
false
Term
explain the porblems with historic masonry, including both brick and mortar that are affecting our buildings today? use terms
Definition
-masons mishandle it
-much softer-needs softer mortar for repairs
-brick erodes before portland mortar leaving hole
-tuckpoint around brick w/ chisels, soft mallet, labor intensive
-use lime mortar-harder-smear cuz hard
-is white-not sandy like historic
-
Term
what is the style of Heyward - washington house? ==== name an architectural elemt found on this house which helps define this style. -----
Definition
Georgian style
door w/ pediment and fanlight
Term
what german born american designed and completed the sword gate at 32 legare street in Charleston
Definition
christopher werner
Term
who was a wellknown ironworker in the 20th and 21st century who designed many wrought iron sculptures in chas?
Definition
philip simons
Term
[image]
Definition

Drayton Hall 1738

John Drayton, Charleston, SC

"Georgian Palladian"

-2 story portico

-architect not architect-use Palladios 4 books of Architecture

-double portico resembles Villa Cannaro

Term

[image]

[image]

Definition

Sagrada Familia 1882- present

-Antoni Gaudi - Barcelona, Spain

personalized expression of Art Nouveau

-carved details

-stone made

-narthex

-doesnt appear gothic cause of rectangle

-3 grand facades

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Nativity facade

Gaudi

represents the birth of jesus

Term
[image]
Definition

passion facade

represents suffering of jesus during his crucifiction

Term
[image]
Definition

Glory facade

glory of jesus, represents road to death, god, final judgement, glory and hell. 

Term

[image]

[image]

Definition

Strawberry Hill Long Gallery, 1748

Architect: Horace Walpole

Twickenham, England

Romanticism

Term

[image]

[image]

Definition

Altesmuseum 1823-1828

Karl Schinkel, Berlin Germany

Neo-classical - Greek influence

high colonnade-entire width

high plinth

PLAN- copy pantheon w/ central rotunda 

flanked 2 greek temple forms

whole front is stoa- agora, athens

Term
[image]
Definition

Monticello 1770

Thomas Jefferson

Charlottesville, VA

-octagonal dome

-connected to landscape by two walkways over top of bed spaces

-bedspaces = summer breezes

-the utilities were put behind the house, close, but lower than the grass level so they was close but you couldn't see them

Term
[image]
Definition

University of Virginia 1817-1826

Thomas Jefferson

Charlottesville, VA

- U shaped

-residence halls on outside

-centrality elements : pantheon 1/2 scale

-symmetrical

-two story pavillion-1 story colonnade- simple tuscan columns

-teach students of different orders of classic arch.

important pavillions- 1, 5, 7

P5- chinese balustrade -chipindale

P7- only pavillion w/ arcade

asked benjamin latrobe about design

Term
[image]
Definition
pavilion 1
Term
[image]
Definition
pavilion vii
Term
[image]
Definition
pavilion 5
Term
[image]
Definition

Wainwright Building 1890

- Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler

St Louis, Missouri

-Skyscraper

-more ornamentation than Reliance Building in Chicago, IL

Term
[image]
Definition

Wrought Iron mid 1800's

-more tensile strength than cast iron

- Charleston, SC

started 1739-1780 made own designs

*Christopher Werner 1840

-chas ironworker (german)

-sword gate 32 Legare St

*J. Lusti 

-chas ironworker (german)

-st michaels cemetery gate, 1848

*Gabrielle Manigole (designer)

-city hall Grilles

**Philip Simmons 1912-2009

-snake gate-lunette panel repeats lunette shape 

-329 eat bay

-uses animals, shake, bird fish in iron sculptures 

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