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Final
NWCC HIll Online final exam study guide
45
Sociology
Undergraduate 2
04/23/2012

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Term
nuclear family
Definition
A married couple and their unmarried children living together.
Term
economy
Definition
Which social institution is widely considered to have the greatest effect on society as a whole?
Term
productive technology
Definition
Over the course of human history, changes in which of the following have brought the greatest changes to the economy?
Term
agrarian societies
Definition
The economy first became a distinct social institution during which historical era of societal development?
Term
farms
Definition
As societies industrialize, a smaller share of the population works in which of the following locations?
Term
service work and computer technology
Definition
The postindustrial economy is defined by:
Term
private ownership of property
Definition
Capitalism is an economic system in which there is:
Term
government control of production
Definition
Socialism is an economic system in which there is:
Term
domination of the market by a few companies
Definition
The concept "oligopoly" refers to:
Term
monopoly
Definition
A/n ____ is a situation where one person or company controls a particular market or industry.
Term
oligopoly
Definition
A/n ____ is a market dominated by a few large producers or suppliers.
Term
Socialism
Definition
____ is an economic and political system based on the principle of the public ownership of the production of goods and services.
Term
communism
Definition
Karl Marx predicted that ____ would dominate because exploited workers would revolt against the yoke of capitalism.
Term
Deindustrialization
Definition
____ is a process of social and economic change due to the reduction of industrial activity, especially manufacturing.
Term
Offshoring
Definition
____ refers to sending out work or jobs to another country to cut a company's costs at home.
Term
population increase would eventually bring chaos to the world.
Definition
Thomas Robert Malthus believed that:
Term
1750
Definition
When in history did global population begin to spike upward?
Term
the incidence of childbearing in a nation's population.
Definition
Fertility refers to:
Term
human population.
Definition
Demography is defined as the study of:
Term
controversial
Definition
Social change is almost always:
Term
usually both positive and negative
Definition
Sociologists explain that the consequences of social change are:
Term
an increasing division of labor.
Definition
Emile Durkheim claimed that the defining trait of modernity was:
Term
gesellschaft
Definition
Durkheim's concept of organic solidarity is roughly the same as Tnnies's concept of:
Term
tradition
Definition
For Weber, preindustrial societies are characterized by a focus on:
Term
All of these are correct.
Definition
A mass society is one that:
Term
pronounced moral relativism.
Definition
Individuals experience modern mass societies in terms of:
Term
Societies that have entered the postindustrial era
Definition
The concept "postmodernity" refers to which of the following?
Term
nuclear family
Definition
A married couple and their unmarried children living together.
Term
one woman and one man married only to each other
Definition
Monogamy
Term
corporation
Definition
An organization with a legal existence, including rights and liabilities, apart from that of its members.
Term
the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profit
Definition
Capitalism is an economic system in which:
Term
hidden curriculum
Definition
Subtle presentations of political or cultural ideas in the classroom:
Term
demography
Definition
The study of human population:
Term
urbanization
Definition
The concentration of humanity into cities.
Term
secularization
Definition
The historical decline in the importance of the supernatural and the sacred:
Term
population growth would outpace food production
Definition
Thomas Robert Malthus predicted that:
Term
fundamentalism
Definition
_________ is on the rise, which opposes religious accommodation to the world, favoring an otherworldly focus.
Term
economy
Definition
The ____ is a social institution that determines how a society produces, distributes, and consumes goods and services
Term
oligopoly
Definition
A/n ____ is a market dominated by a few large producers or suppliers
Term
socialism
Definition
Individuals do not own property. This statement represents which major economic system?
Term
Religion
Definition
____ is a social institution that involves shared beliefs, values, and practices based on the supernatural and which unites believers into a community
Term
the sacred; the profane
Definition
Durkheim distinguished between ____ and ____.
Term
sacred
Definition
For Christians, the cross is a symbol that represents something
Term
Fundamentalism
Definition
____ is the belief in the literal meaning of a sacred text.
Term
Marx
Definition
____ described religion as "the opium of the people."
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