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Definition
| The process of learning social norms and culture. |
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| Sociological Imagination/Perspective |
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Definition
| Individual behavior is socially determined and socially defined. |
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Definition
| Society has a responsibility to care for its members. |
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Definition
| There is only one truth that exists and it can be discovered with science. |
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Definition
| The extent to which an instrument or experiment measures what it is intended to measure. |
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| Language System of Representation |
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Definition
| A system that lets us communicate with symbols. |
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Definition
| The idea that the economy is the base of society and everything else is superstructure spawning from the economy. |
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Definition
| The idea that most people in a society share the same ideas and beliefs. |
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| The "you" in "I am who I think you think I am". |
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Definition
| The code that connects the mental and language systems of representation. |
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Definition
| When you work for someone else you lose the value on your work. |
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Definition
| The replacement of myth and tradition with logic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Relies on mechanical solidarity or organic solidarity. Mechanical Solidarity states that individuals have a simple division of labor and the individuals respond to society like a machine responds to its operator. Organic Solidarity states that the majority of a persons ideas are their own and people are part of a complex division of labor with less shared culture. |
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Term
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Definition
| Society struggles for power and resources. Competition is created between individuals over the struggle for these resources. A class system of capitalists and workers was created. Labor theory of value states all value in a society comes from labor. |
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Term
| Symbolic Interaction Theory |
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Definition
| Society stems from human interaction based on culture. Humans are born to a blank slate socially and we are formed by society. "Looking Glass Self". I vs. Me. Generalized Other. |
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Term
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Definition
| Recognized violation of social norms. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the expectations of two roles have conflicting norms. |
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Term
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Definition
| The first act or first few acts of deviant behavior before it becomes part of the deviant's lifestyle. |
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Definition
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Definition
| A socially constructed way of grouping people based on traits society feels are important. |
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Definition
| The idea that racism is in the minds of white people. |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea of someone being racist even though they don't admit to being racist. |
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Term
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Definition
| We show what we value in society by what we pay people for their services. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gender is the socially constructed traits of masculinity and femininity that do not correspond with biology and sex. |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that gender roles oppress everyone. |
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Term
| Four Assumptions of Stratification |
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Definition
Stratification is universal but variable.
Stratification persists over generations.
Stratification is a trait of society.
Stratification is a result of material inequalities and beliefs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Racism benefits capitalists and oppresses minorities by distracting the workers. |
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Term
| Conflict Theory and Gender |
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Definition
| Gender stratification is oppressive. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ethnic enclaves are created as assimilation machines. The enclave works for voluntary immigrants and fails for involuntary immigrants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gender provides a role in society for men and women. |
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Term
| Order Theory and Class Stratification |
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Definition
| Stratification is functional and causes competition which serves to motivate us. Criticism: We say we value something but we do not prove it. |
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Term
| Conflict Theory and Class Stratification |
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Definition
| Workers and capitalists conflict over resources which forms oppression. Criticism: If we pay people more money to do easier jobs it will take away the competition therefore tearing society apart. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stable pattern of social relations constructed to shape the outcomes of the institution. Super norms. |
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Term
| Conflict Theory and Education |
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Definition
Educational system reinforces existing inequalities.
Schools teach conformity and submission to authority.
Schools, as they are, are not a force of individual or societal progress or
liberation. |
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Term
| Order Theory and Education |
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Definition
Schools maintain social integration.
They are a vital link between the individual and society.
Schools indoctrinate youth with values needed to live in society
Schools sort children and teach them to accept their role in society. |
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Term
| Problems of the US Education System |
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Definition
Standardization-Kids are taught towards standardized tests.
Bias in Administration-The administration shows favoritism to certain students.
Competition-Competition between students over grades, athletics, and popularity makes winners and losers.
Financing-Funding is unequal and it builds inequality into the institution. |
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Term
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Definition
| The physical exertion of energy for the completion of a task. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to conceive a product before working on it. |
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Term
| Taylorism/Scientific Management |
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Definition
Deskilling and the Management of work
through physical measurement and physical control.
Concentration of mental tasks in the hands of managers.
Effects of Scientific Management: Alienation. |
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Term
| Human Resources Management |
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Definition
| The idea that workers need motivation to work hard and at their full potential. |
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Term
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Definition
| Value is based on use at that particular moment. |
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Term
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Definition
| What something is worth on the market. |
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Term
| Definition of a Political System |
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Definition
| Defined by the distribution of authority which is the legitimate use of power. |
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Term
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Definition
Monarchy
Totalitarianism
Democracy |
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Term
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Definition
| Authority an individual has based on social position. |
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Term
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Definition
| Authority people have based on their ability to get you to do what they want you to do. |
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Term
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Definition
| Authority inscribed in law. |
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Term
| Definition of an Economic System |
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Definition
| The distribution of money, goods, and services in society. |
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Term
| Characteristics, Strengths, and Weaknesses of Capitalist Economies |
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Definition
Characteristics: Free market economy, competition between companies and people, private ownership with greater profit
Strengths: Competition produces innovation and productivity as well as providing the markets with a lot of wanted goods
Weaknesses: Bad at distributing wealth; creates winners and losers in society; unstable. |
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Term
| Characteristics, Strengths, and Weaknesses of Socialist Economies |
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Definition
Characteristics: Central planning by government; government ownership (democratically controlled); can't make as much money as a private company
Strengths: Good at distributing wealth; stable through the creation of limitations
Weaknesses: Bad at innovation by limiting competition. |
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Term
| Three Models of Political Economic Power |
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Definition
Pluralism: Society is the result of the interest of a plurality; an expression of everyone's interest.
Bias of the System: In society there is some bias in the political and economic systems in the way they overlap; money wins elections.
Power Elite: The people in the most elite segments in society share common interests by virtue of their place in society. |
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Term
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Definition
We provided food and technology to poor starving countries that were rising in their own industrial revolution.
Increased irrigation technology; brought nitrogen fertilizers, pesticides, and herbacides; mechanized planting and cultivation; changed how we farm, who farms what, and how we get what we farm. |
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Term
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Definition
Alienation from nature caused by The Green Revolution and Industrial Revolution.
Humans were first emerged in a homeostasis with nature but are now disrupting that homeostasis; made possible by capitalism. |
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Term
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Definition
Capitalism has to continue producing more stuff meaning consumers need to spend more money which in turn makes us need to make more money.
Costs are externalized. |
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Term
| 4 Rules of Capitalism and the Environment |
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Definition
All connections are based on money.
Externalize waste (make it someone else's problem).
The market knows best (the market will take care of itself and regulate when need be).
Natural resources are FREE. |
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Term
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Definition
Everything is connected.
Everything must go somewhere.
Nature knows best.
Nothing comes from nothing. |
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Term
| 3 Principles of Sustainability |
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Definition
Utilization of natural resources must be equal to the regeneration of those resources.
Use of non-renewable resources can only be used at the rate of new findings of stockpiles combined with new technology.
Pollution can not be done in any place faster than that ecosystem can metabolize it. |
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