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| A complex combination of cells whose primary function is to allow an organism to gain info about what is going on inside and outside the body and to respond appropriately. |
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| Fundamental unit of the nervous system; nerve cell |
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| Cells in the nervous system that hold neurons together and help them communicate with one another. |
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| A fiber that carries signals from the body of a neuron out to where communication occurs with other neurons. |
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| A neuron fiber that receives signals from the axons of other neurons and carries those signals to the cell body. |
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| The tiny gap between neurons across which they communicate. |
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| An abrupt wave of electrochemical changes traveling down an axon when a neuron becomes depolarized |
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| A fatty substance that wraps around some axons and increases the speed of action potentials. |
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Definition
| A short rest period between action potentials |
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| Sites on the surface of a cell that allow only one type of neurotransmitter to fit into them, triggering a chemical response that may lead to an action potential. |
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Definition
| Chemicals that assist in the transfer of signals from one neuron to another. |
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Definition
| The change in the membrane potential of a neuron that has received stimulation from another neuron. |
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Term
| Excitatory and Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. |
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Definition
Excitatory: Depolarized the neuronal membrane, making the cell more likely to fire an action potential.
Inhibitory: Hyperpolarizes the neuronal membrane, less likely to fire. |
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| Neurons that operate together to perform complex functions. |
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| The parts of the nervous system that proved info about the environment. |
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| Parts of the nervous system that influence muscles and other organs to respond to the environment in some way. |
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Definition
| Collections of nerve cell bodies in the central nervous system. |
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Definition
| Axons in the central nervous system that travel together in bundles. |
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| The part of the central nervous system within the spinal column that relays signals from peripheral senses to the brain and conveys messages from the brain to the rest of the body . |
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| Involuntary unlearned reaction to the form of swift, automatic, and finely coordinated movements in response to external stimuli. |
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Definition
| An extension of the spinal cord contained inside the skull where nuclei control blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and other vital functions. |
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Definition
| A small structure between the hindbrain and forebrain that relays info from the eyes, ears, and skin and that controls certain types of automatic behaviors. |
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| The most highly developed part of the brain; responsible for the most complex aspects of behavior and mental life. |
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Definition
| The left and right halves of the rounded, outermost part of the brain. |
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Definition
| The outer surface of the brain |
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| The parts of the cerebral cortex that receive stimulus info from the senses. |
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| The part of the cerebral cortex whose neurons control voluntary movements in specific parts of the body. |
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| Those parts of the cerebral cortex that receive info from more than one sense or that combine sensory and motor info to perform complex cognitive tasks. |
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| A massive bundle of fibers that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres and allows them to communicate with each other. |
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| The tendency for one cerebral hemisphere to excel at a particular function or skill compared with the other hemisphere. |
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Definition
| The ability to create new synapses and to change the strength of synapses. |
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Definition
| A group of neurons that communicates by using the same neurotransmitter. |
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Definition
| Cells that form organs called glands and that communicate with one another by secreting chemicals called hormones. |
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Definition
| An organ that secretes hormones into the bloodstream. |
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Definition
| chemicals secreted by a gland into the bloodstream, which carries them throughout the body. |
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Definition
| Physical reactions triggered by the sympathetic nervous system that prepare the body to fight or to run from a threatening situation. |
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Term
| Neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, serotonin |
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Definition
1. Memory, movement; Alzheimer's
2. Mood, sleep, learning; depression
3. Mood, appetite, impulsivity; depression |
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Term
| Neurotransmitters: Dopamine, GABA, Glutamate |
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Definition
1. Movement, reward; Parkinson's disease, Schizophrenia
2.Sleep, movement; Anxiety, Huntington's disease, epilepsy
3. Memory; damage after stroke |
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Definition
| The body's system of defense against invading substances and microorganisms. |
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| Physical problems caused when cells of the body's immune system attack normal body cells as if they were foreign invaders. |
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| Neurotransmitters: Endorphins, Nitric oxide |
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