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Final
Motivation and Emotion
43
Psychology
12th Grade
01/19/2012

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Term
Motivation
Definition
The influences that account for the initiation, direction, intensity, and persistence of behavior.
Term
Motive
Definition
A reason of purpose for behavior
Term
Instinct Theory
Definition
A view that explains human behavior as motivated by automatic, involuntary, and unlearned responses.
Term
Instinct
Definition
An innate, automatic disposition toward responding in a particular way when confronted with specific stimulus.
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
The tendency for organisms to keep their physiological systems at a stable, steady level by constantly adjusting themselves in response to change.
Term
Drive Reduction Theory
Definition
A theory of motivation stating that motivation arises from imbalances in homeostasis.
Term
Need
Definition
A biological requirement for well being that is created by an imbalance in homeostasis.
Term
Drive
Definition
A feeling of arousal that prompts an organism to take action, restore the balance, and as a result, reduce the drive.
Term
Arousal
Definition
A general level of activation that is reflected in the state of several physiological systems, including the brain, heart, lungs, and muscles.
Term
Optimal Arousal Theory
Definition
People are motivated to behave in ways that maintain what is, for them, an optimal arousal level.
Term
Incentive Theory
Definition
Behavior is directed toward attaining desirable stimuli and avoiding unwanted stimuli.
Term
Hunger
Definition
General state of wanting to eat. (hypothalamus)
Term
Satiety
Definition
General state of no longer wanting to eat
Term
Obesity
Definition
A condition in which a person is severely overweight, as measured by a bmi greater than 30.
Term
Anorexia Nervosa
Definition
Self-starvation and dramatic weight loss.
Term
Bulimia Nervosa
Definition
Involves eating massive amounts of food and then eliminating the food by self induced vomiting or the use of strong laxatives.
Term
Sexual response cycle
Definition
The pattern of physiological arousal during and after sexual activity. Excitement->Plateau->Orgasm->Resolution
Term
Sex Hormones
Definition
Chemicals in the blood of males and females that have both organizational and activational effects on sexual behavior.
Term
Estrogen
Definition
Sex hormones that circulate in the bloodstream of men and women, more in women.
Term
Progestin
Definition
Sex hormone: More in women
Term
Androgen
Definition
Sex hormone: more in women
Term
Heterosexual
Definition
attracted to the other sex
Term
Homosexual
Definition
Attracted to the same sex
Term
Bisexual
Definition
Attracted to both sexes.
Term
Extrinsic Motivation
Definition
A desire for external rewards such as money.
Term
Intrinsic Motivation
Definition
A desire to attain internal satisfaction.
Term
Subjective Well-Being
Definition
A combination of a cognitive judgement of satisfaction with life, the frequent experiencing of positive moods and emotions, and the relatively infrequent experiencing of unpleasant moods and emotions.
Term
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Definition
-Biological: Food, water, sleep, oxygen
-Safety: Secure Income
-Belongingness: Need for relationship
-Esteem: Need to be respected
-Self Actualization: Reaching one's full potential
Term
Opponent-Process Theory
Definition
Any reaction to a stimulus is followed by an opposite reaction which is opponent process..or.. after repeated exposure to the same stimulus, the initial reaction weakens, and the opponent process becomes quicker and stronger.
Term
Emotion
Definition
A transitory positive or negative experience that is felt as happening to the self, is generated in part by cognitive appraisal of a situation, and is accompanied by both learned and innate physical responses.
Term
Sympathetic nervous system
Definition
System that usually prepares the organism for vigorous activity.
Term
Parasympathetic nervous system
Definition
Influences activity related to the protection, nourishment, and growth of the body.
Term
Flight-or-Flight syndrome
Definition
Prepares the body to fight or to fun from a threatening situation.
Term
Attribution
Definition
The process of explaining the causes of an event.
Term
Excitation transfer
Definition
The process of carrying over arousal from one experience to an independent situation.
Term
James-Lange
Definition
Emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events. Your emotional reaction is dependent upon how you interpret those physical reactions.
Event->Arousal->Interpretation->Emotion
Term
Cannon-Bard
Definition
We feel emotions and experience physiological reactions such as sweating, trembling and muscle tension simultaneously.
Event->Physical+Emotion
Term
Schachter-Singer
Definition
The two-factor theory focuses on the interaction between physical arousal and how we cognitively label that arousal.
Event->Arousal->Reasoning->Emotion
Term
Lazarus
Definition
A thought must come before my emotion or physiological arousal. You must think about your situation before you can experience an emotion.
Event->Thought->Emotion+Arousal
Term
Facial Feedback
Definition
Emotion is the experience of changes in our facial muscles that cue our brains and provide the basis of our emotions.
Event->Facial Changes->Emotion
Term
Physiological motives
Definition
hunger, thirst, pain and sex
Term
Social motives
Definition
Achievement, affiliation
Term
Yerkes-Dodson law
Definition
If task is simple, arousal can be high. If task is complex, lower levels of arousal provide for the best performance.
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